Scale, Map Designs & Symbols Flashcards
Basic Element of a map
SSDMA
* Symbols
* Scale
* Direction
* Map Grid or Coordinate System
* About Map (date created, title, author, source and info)
Why put Symbols on Maps
WODL
* Words alone clutter a map
* Organize info
* Depicts complex ideas
* Legends and reference
Types of Maps
PTTCC
* Planimetric maps
* Topographic maps
* Thematic maps
* Computer Generated maps
* Cadastral maps
- Representation of the Earth’s Surface in the two horizontal dimension only.
- Shows correct horizontal position of natural and man-made features such as building, roads, bodies of water, land formation and political boundaries.
Planimetric maps
Representation of the earth’s surface in three-dimensions
Shows features in a planimetric map and in addition indicates relief by means of contours in distinguishing characteristics.
Topographic maps
Made to deal with a specific theme or subject usually against some skeletal topographic background.
Medium to Small Scale Map
Thematic maps
Making of Maps using electronic computer.
Cartographic information can be processed and retrieved in graphic form.
Interactive drafting system which include display terminals and automatic drafting machines.
Computer Generated maps
Maps made as a result of Cadastral Survey drawn to appropriate scale and showing all land parcels and important natural man made features within a municipality/project of describing and recording ownership.
Cadastral maps
Show the orientation of the plan.
Usually on the bottom or top of the map.
Magnetic North Magnetic Declination- half feathered/half headed.
Meridian arrows
Lettering on map
- Size of letters must be governed by the size of the maps and by the characters of title, name or statement
- Must appear right side up when the map is held in its normal position.
- Where the line of lettering is not horizontal. -lettered that the reading direction will either be upward or downward on the right.
What is the avoided font style in maps?
Serifs
3 Commonly used font styles in maps
Reinhardt
Gothic
Roman Map titles
- usually appear in the lower right-hand corner that should be constructed so that they will readily catch the eye.
Where does MAP TITLES usually appear?
Lower right- hand corner of the sheet
Map Titles INCLUDES?
SPNLNCR
1. Survey Plans
2. Purpose of survey
3. Name or organization
4. Location Date of Survey
5. Name of Engineer/Surveyor
6. Contour interval
7. Reference horizontal and vertical control
Relationship which distance between any two points on the map bears the corresponding distance on the ground
Scale
3 Ways to Map Scales are Portrayed
- Words and figure or equivalence
- Scale Ratio or Representative Scale Natural Scales. Map Distance Ground Distance
- Graphically -scale subdivided into map distances corresponding to convenient units of length on the ground
Scale subdivided into map distances corresponding to convenient units of length on the ground
Graphically
“natural scales” expressed in ratios
Indicated as “SR” or “FS”
Representative fraction
Primary Scale
Secondary Scale
Length varies depending on the size and purpose of the map
Graphical Scale
Primary Scale
Right side
Secondary Scale
Extension scale
Classification of MAP Scales
Large Scale Maps
Medium Scale Maps
Small Scale Maps
Large Scale Maps
1:2000 or larger
Contour: 0.10 to 2.0 meters
Medium Scale Maps
1,2000-1:10,000
Contour: 1.0 to 5.0 meters
Small Scale Maps
1:10,000 or smaller
Contour Interval= 5 to 2,000 meters.
Color:
All man-made or cultural features, political subdivisions, placenames, grid lines, and lettering on the map
Black
Color?
Used for Water or Hydrographic Features such as reservoirs, rivers, lakes, canals, marshes, ponds and wetlands
Blue
Color?
Used for Water or Hydrographic Features such as reservoirs, rivers, lakes, canals, marshes, ponds and wetlands
Blue
Color?
Used as a surface tint or overlay for wooded areas and other forms of vegetations
Green
Color?
Relief or height features and the configuration of the ground surface portrayed by contours, contour numbers, hachures, cuts and fills
Brown
Color?
Emphasize important roads and public land subdivision lines
Red
Color?
Surface-tint to portray built-up urban and areas and the coverage of large cities
Pink
Color?
Color used sometimes in place of brown.
Gray
Types of symbols
PLA
Point symbols
Line symbols
Area Symbols
Any kind of mark that by its graphic characteristics refers more to a place than it does to a line or area.
Represented in a form of rectangle, triangle, or circle
Represent phenomenon having territorial extent or simply location.
Point symbols
Most versatile and widely used in cartography.
Represented by lines of different types such as solid, dashed, or dotted.
Represent rivers, roads, or boundaries.
Traffic movements, commodity flow, and migration are represented by lines of varying widths or graded visual importance “FLOW LINES”
Line symbols
Portray different types of cartographic details such as bodies of water, vegetation and various ground features.
AREA Symbols
