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Question 1

what is crude oil separated into?

Answer 1

Different hydrocarbon fractions

Question 2

How is crude oil formed?

Answer 2

Over millions of years and high temperatures and pressures from the battery, domains of plants and animals

Question 3

What is crude oil?

Answer 3

A complex mixture of lots of different hydrocarbon compounds, which contain just hydrogen and carbon hydrogen and carbon found in the crude oil have their carbon atoms arranged in either chains or rings and I’m mostly alkanes

Question 4

what is the highest fraction that crude oil separated into?

Answer 4

gasses (3 carbons)

Question 5

What is the bottom fraction that crude oil separated into?

Answer 5

bitumen- used to surface roads and roofs with 70+ carbons

Question 6

what is the fraction with eight carbons?

Answer 6

Petrol-used to fuel cars

Question 7

what is the fraction with 15 carbons?

Answer 7

Kerosene(paraffin)- used as a fuel in aircraft

Question 8

What is the fraction with 20 carbons?

Answer 8

Diesel oil-diesel oil is used as a fuel in some cars and larger vehicles. E.g. trains

Question 9

what is the fraction with 40 carbons?

Answer 9

Fuel oil-fuel oil is used as a fuel for larger ships and also in some power stations

Question 10

what is a homologous series?

Answer 10

A family of molecules, which have the same general formula and share similar chemical properties

Question 11

What are two different homologous series is of hydrocarbons

Answer 11

alkenes and alkanes

Question 12

What are physical properties of hydrocarbons determined by?

Answer 12

The intermolecular forces that hold the chains together

Question 13

What are some physical properties of short hydrocarbons

Answer 13

-shorter hydrocarbons are easy to ignites because they have a low boiling points. I tend to be gases at room temperature.
-This gas molecules mix with oxygen in the air so produce a gas mixture which burst into flames if it comes into contact with a spark

Question 14

what are some physical properties of longer hydrocarbons?

Answer 14

Longer hydrocarbons are usually liquids at room temperature, and have a higher boiling point of a much harder to ignite

Question 15

what does viscosity mean?

Answer 15

-Viscosity, measured how easily a substance flows
-The stronger the force between hydrocarbons molecules, the harder it is for the liquid flow
-Fractions containing longer hydrocarbons have a higher viscosity they are thick like treacle
-Fractions made up of shorter hydrocarbons, have a low viscosity and a much Runnier

Question 16

What is the characteristics of the intermolecular forces between small molecules?

Answer 16

The intermolecular forces of attraction break a lot more easily in small molecules and they doing bigger molecules. That’s because the forces are much stronger between big molecules than they are between small molecules.

Question 17

How do you fuels release energy?

Answer 17

Combustion reactions

Question 18

What does incomplete combustion produce?

Answer 18

Toxic carbon monoxide and soot

Question 19

Why is carbon monoxide poisonous?

Answer 19

-carbon monoxide can combine with red blood cells and stop your blood from doing. It’s proper job of carrying oxygen around the body.
-A lack of oxygen in the blood supply to the brain can lead to fainting or a coma or even death

Question 20

why is Kevin being produced negative in incomplete combustion

Answer 20

-During the incomplete, combustion, tiny particles of carbon can be released into the atmosphere when they fall back to the ground, a deposit themselves as a hard black dust, we call soot
-search makes buildings look dirty, reduces the air quality and can cause or worsen respiratory system problems

Question 21

what does sulphur dioxide cause?

Answer 21

Acid rain

Question 22

How does sulphur dioxide cause acid rain?

Answer 22

When fossil fuels are burned their release, mostly CO2, but they also release of a harmful gases, especially sulphur dioxide and sulphur dioxide comes from sulphur impurities in the fossil fuels, and when it’s mixes with close it from statutes of uric acid and forth as acid rain

Question 23

What are some negatives of acid rain?

Answer 23

-acid, rain closest lakes to become acidic and many plants and animals to die as a result
-Acid rain kills trees. Storage is limestone, buildings, and stone statues and can also make metal corrode.

Question 24

what are some pros of hydrogen gas as a fuel

Answer 24

Hydrogen is very clean fuel in a hydrogen fuel cell. How do you do in combines with oxygen to produce energy and the only waste product is water no nasty pollutants like carbon dioxide toxic carbon monoxide. Orsett hydrogens obtained from water which is a renewable resource so it’s not going to run out how you doing can even be obtained from water produced by the south when is used in fuel cells

Question 25

what are some cons of hydrogen as a fuel

Answer 25

You need a special expensive engine hydrogen gas also needs to be manufactured which is expensive and often uses energy from another source. This energy often comes from burning fossil fuels which produces pollutants also Hutchens, hard to store and not widely available.

Question 26

what is cracking?

Answer 26

The splitting up a long chain hydrocarbons, reduce smaller, unsaturated molecules, which are much much more useful

Question 27

how does cracking work?

Answer 27

Cracking involves heat, moderate pressure and a catalyst. Vaporised hydrocarbons are Passover powdered catalyst at about 400 to 700°C and 70 ATM aluminium oxide is the catalyst used the long chain molecules better part of crack on the surface as bits of catalyst.

Question 28

What does cracking help?

Answer 28

cracking helps match supply and demand 

Question 29

What was phase 1 of the atmosphere?

Answer 29

-The Earth surface was originally molten metal many millions of years that was almost no atmosphere
-Eventually the Earth surface is called Alison crust formed by volcanoes, kept erupting on releasing gases from inside the Earth. This degassing released mainly carbon dioxide, but also steam, methane and ammonia.
-The water vapour later, condense to form the oceans

Question 30

what was phase 2 (part one )of the atmosphere

Answer 30

-A lot of the early CO2 dissolved into the oceans
-Nitrogen gas was then put into the atmosphere into Waze. It was formed by ammonia reacting with oxygen and was released by denitrifying bacteria.
-Nitrogen isn’t very reactive for the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere increase because it has been made, but not broken down

Question 31

What was phase 2 part two of the atmosphere?

Answer 31

-Green plants evolved over most of the Earth as they photosynthesise they remove CO2 and produced O2
-Thanks to the plants, the amount of O2 in the air gradually build up and much of the CO2 eventually got locked up in fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks

Question 32

What was face three of the atmosphere?

Answer 32

-The buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere killed off early organisms that couldn’t tolerate it
-but it did allow the evolution of more complex organisms that made use of the oxygen
-The oxygen also created the ozone layer, which blocked harmful rays from the Sun and enabled even more complex organisms to evolve

Question 33

what is today’s atmosphere?

Answer 33

Today’s atmosphere is made up of
-Approximately 78% nitrogen and approximately 21% oxygen
-Small amounts of other gases, making of less than one percent of the atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide, noble gases and water vapour

Question 34

What does the greenhouse effect help?

Answer 34

Keep the Earth warm

Question 35

What is step one of the greenhouse effect?

Answer 35

Earth radiate some of the heat radiation is absorbed as longer wavelength, infrared radiation

Question 36

What is part two of the greenhouse effect?

Answer 36

Some of the infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases

Question 37

What is part three of the greenhouse effect?

Answer 37

some of the infrared radiation is reemitted back towards the Earth by greenhouse gases

Question 38

What is part four of the greenhouse effect?

Answer 38

Some infrared radiation is readmitted back into space

Question 39

what is .5 of the greenhouse effect?

Answer 39

The absorption and rear mission of the infrared radiation by greenhouse gases is what keeps the Earth warm it’s called the greenhouse effect

Question 40

what causes climate change?

Answer 40

Increased greenhouse gases

Question 41

How can we try and reduce climate change?

Answer 41

by using less fossil fuels in order to prevent or slowdown climate change. We need to cut down on the amount of greenhouse gases were released into the atmosphere to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. We can try to limit our own use of fossil fuels. This could be doing things on a personal level like walking or cycling instead of driving or turning your central heating down.

Question 42

how can the government try and reduce climate change?

Answer 42

The UK government has formed plans to encourage the public and industry to become more energy-efficient to create a financial investor steps to reduce CO2 emissions to use more renewable energy and increase research into new energy sources