SC5 - Ionic Bonding ✓ Flashcards

1
Q

SC5a - What is a cation and an anion?

A
  • Cation: A positively charged ion (A metal which has lost an electron)
  • Anion is a negatively charged ion (A non-metal which has gained an electron)
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2
Q

SC5a - What is an ion?

A
  • A charged particle formed by the transfer of electrons
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3
Q

SC5a - What is the type of attraction in an ionic bond?

A

Electrostatic forces of attraction

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4
Q

SC5a - When ionically bonding, what happens to:

  • Metals
  • Non-metals
A
  • Metals loose an electron(s) as they are closer to 0/8 electrons in their outermost shell and so its easier to loose electrons
  • Non-metals are closer to 8/8 electrons in theri outermost shell and so it is easier for them to gain electrons
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5
Q

SC5b - What are the main 5 polyatomic ions?

A
  • Ammonium, NH4+
  • Hydroxide, OH-
  • Nitrate, NO3-
  • Carbonate, CO32-
  • Sulfate, SO42-
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6
Q

SC5b - How do you work out the ionic formula of an atom and a compound?

A
  • An atom’s ionic formula will depend on the number of electrons in its outer shell.
  • If it has to lose electrons to gain a full outer shell, it will be positive by that much.
  • If it has to gain electrons it will be negative by that much.
  • In a compound, the charges of the ionic compound of an element need to cancel out.
  • e.g Mg 2+ and O 2- will form MgO while Na+ and S2- will form Na2S
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7
Q

SC5b - What is an ionic lattice structure?

A

When billons of ions are packed together in a regular structure.

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8
Q

SC5c - Are ionic compounds electrically conductive and why/why not?

A

For a substance to be conductive it must contain particles that are:

  1. Charged
  2. Free to move

So Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when they are aqueous or molten.

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9
Q

SC5c - Why does Magnesium Oxide have a much higher melting point than Sodium Chloride?

A
  • Mg2+ and O2- have more than one charge - this means they will attract other ions more strongly than ions with one charge.
  • More neergy is required to overcome these stronger electrostatic forces of attraction so melting point is higher
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10
Q

SC5c - Are the melting and boiling points of Ionic compounds high/low and why?

A

They are high as they have strong electrostatic forces of attraction which require a lot of energy to overcome and break

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11
Q

SC5c - How does an aqueous ionic compound conduct electricity?

A

The negative ions flow to the anode(+) and the positive ions flow to the cathode(-). electrons do not flow.

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