SC4-6

Question 1

how did mendeleev group his periodic table

Answer 1

increasing atomic masses and similar properties

Question 2

how is the modern periodic table grouped

Answer 2

by increasing atomic number and elements with similar properties are in the same group

Question 3

what are ionic bonds and what are they between

Answer 3

between metals and non metals where electrostatic forces hold oppositely charged ions together

Question 4

how does an atom become an ion and what kind of ions do metals and non metals become

Answer 4

it loses / gains an electron
metals become cations
non metals become anions

Question 5

what can make an atom stable

Answer 5

having a full outer shell of electrons

Question 6

ionic compound properties and what does it form

Answer 6

high mp and bp
conducts electricity - when not solid
forms crystals

Question 7

describe an ionic lattice

Answer 7

billions of ions packed in a regular repeating arrangement

Question 8

for a substance to conduct electricity it must have…

Answer 8

charged, free moving particles

Question 9

name the positive and negative electrode

Answer 9

positive electrode - anode
negative electrode - cathode

Question 10

what are cations and anions attracted to

Answer 10

cations - cathode
anions - anode

Question 11

what are covalent bonds between and how are they formed

Answer 11

non metals by sharing pairs of electrons

Question 12

molecular compound properties

Answer 12

low mp and bp
cant conduct electricity

Question 13

define a polymer and monomer
give an example for both

Answer 13

polymer - chain of monomers
monomer - small simple molecules
polyethene (polymer) made of ethene (monomers)

Question 14

how does the length of a polymer affect its mp and bp

Answer 14

longer polymers have higher mp and bp

Question 15

define an allotrope

Answer 15

different structural forms of the same element

Question 16

what forms fullerene
and an example of a fullerene

Answer 16

carbon
example: buckminsterfullerene

Question 17

fullerene properties

Answer 17

low mp
simple molecule
weak IM forces
soft/ slippery
molecules strong due to covalent bonds

Question 18

graphene properties

Answer 18

lightest known material
not a simple molecule
good electrical conductor
sheet of carbon atoms with no fixed formula
molecules strong due to covalent bonds

Question 19

difference between graphene and fullerene

Answer 19

graphene is not a simple molecule whilst fullerene is

Question 20

two examples of giant structures of carbon

Answer 20

diamond and graphite

Question 21

giant structures of carbon properties

Answer 21

high mp
3D
networks of carbon linked by covalent bonds

Question 22

number of covalent bonds for each carbon atom graphite has

Answer 22

3

Question 23

number of covalent bonds for each carbon atom diamond has

Answer 23

4

Question 24

what is graphite used for and why

Answer 24

electrodes in electrolysis because its unreactive and cheap

Question 25

what can diamond be used for

Answer 25

electrical insultation as it has no free charged particles

Question 26

properties of metals

Answer 26

high mp and density
shiny and malleable
good electrical conductors

Question 27

properties of non metals

Answer 27

low mp and density
brittle as solids
poor electrical conductors

Question 28

structure of a metal

Answer 28

atoms packed in a giant lattice

Question 29

define malleable and why are metals malleable

Answer 29

it’s shape can be changed without breaking it
metals are malleable as their layers of ions slide over each other and sea of electrons holds the ions together to prevent it from breaking

Question 30

how does metallic bonding work and why do they have high mp and bp

Answer 30

strong ES attraction between + metal ions and negative delocalised electrons - this is why their mp and bp are higgh

Question 31

how do metals conduct electricity

Answer 31

when voltage is applied, electrons flow to the positive side and transfer energy which forms an electrical current