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Chemistry > SC1- Vocabulary > Flashcards

SC1- Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Anion-

A

A negatively charged ion. Formed when a atom gains atleast one electron.

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2
Q

Atom-

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.

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3
Q

Atomic Nucleus-

A

Postively charged object composed of protons and neutons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.

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4
Q

Atomic Number-

A

The number of protons in the nucleus.

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5
Q

Avogadro’s Constant-

A

The number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of a given substance.

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6
Q

Cation-

A

A positively charged ion. Formed when an atom loses at least one electron.

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7
Q

Compound-

A

A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.

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8
Q

Concentration-

A

The amount of substance (e.g. the mass) in a certain volume of a solution.

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9
Q

Conductor-

A

A material that contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy.

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10
Q

Conservation Of Mass-

A

A law that states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the product equals the mass of the reactants.

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11
Q

Covalent Bond-

A

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.

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12
Q

Dalton Model-

A

Dalton described atoms as solid spheres, stating that different spheres made up the different elements.

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13
Q

Diamond-

A

A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms.

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14
Q

Electron-

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass (negligible)

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15
Q

Electron Shell-

A

Different engery levels in atoms occupied by electrons.

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16
Q

Electrostatic Forces-

A

The strong forces of atraction between oppositely charged ions.

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17
Q

Element-

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

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18
Q

Empirical Formula-

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

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19
Q

Fullerenes-

A

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structure is based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms. An example of this is graphene.

20
Q

Giant Covalent Molecule-

A

Molecules containing many atoms covalently bonded together.

21
Q

Graphene-

A

A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electronics and composites.

22
Q

Graphite-

A

A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms of which form three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms. The atoms form layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between them. There is one delocalised electron per carbon atom which is free to move to carry charge.

23
Q

Group (Periodic Table)-

A

A column of the periodic table. Elements in the same group have the similar chemical properties.

24
Q

Intermolecular Forces-

A

The forces that exist between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular foces impact the physical properies like boiling/melting point.

25
Q

Ion-

A

An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

26
Q

Ionic Bond-

A

The bond formed between oppositely charged ions when a metal atom loses electron(s) to form a positively charged ion and the non-metal gains these electron(s) to form a negtaively charged ion.

27
Q

Ionic Compound-

A

Chemical compound formed if oppositely charged ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces.

28
Q

Isotope-

A

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutons.

29
Q

Lattice-

A

A repeating regular arragengement of atoms/ions/molecules. This arragement occurs in crystal structures.

30
Q

Limiting Reactant-

A

The reactant that is completely used up since it limits the amount of products formed.

31
Q

Mass Number-

A

The total number of protons and neutons in the necleus.

32
Q

Metallic bond-

A

Th bonds present in metals between the positive metal ions and negatively chaged electrons.

33
Q

Metals-

A

Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the table.

34
Q

Mole-

A

The unit for the amount of substance. The symbol for the unit mole is mol.

35
Q

Molecular Formula-

A

The actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

36
Q

Molecule-

A

A group of at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds.

37
Q

Neutron-

A

Neutral subatomic particles present in the nucleus of the atom. (Relative mass of 1)

38
Q

Non-Metals-

A

Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the top and right of the periodic table.

39
Q

Period (Periodic Table)-

A

A row of the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of elelctron shells.

40
Q

Periodic Table-

A

Table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number and such that elements with similar properties are in the same column (group).

41
Q

Polymers-

A

Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds.

42
Q

Proton-

A

Positively charged subatomic particles present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1

43
Q

Realtive Atomic Mass-

A

An average value that takes into account the aboundances of the isotopes of the element.

44
Q

Relative Formula Mass-

A

The sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula. It is numerically equal to the mass of one mole of a substance in grams.

45
Q

Simple Molecules-

A

Molecules containing a fixed number of atoms covalently bonded together.

46
Q

Subatomic Particles-

A

Particles smaller than an atom. Protons, neutrons and electrons are three of the most common substomic particles.

Chemistry (3 decks)

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