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Question 1

What is the independent variable?

Answer 1

The thing you are changing.

Question 2

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 2

What you are measuring to assess how it is affected.

Question 3

What are the control variables?

Answer 3

The things that you are going to keep the same.

Question 4

Explain the structure of a solid.

Answer 4

Regular, close together and vibrate about fixed positions

Question 5

Explain the structure of a liquid.

Answer 5

Random, close together and move around each other.

Question 6

Explain the structure of a gas.

Answer 6

Random, far apart and move fastly in all directions.

Question 7

Explain how heating particles can change its state.

Answer 7

The heating increases kinetic energy which allows the particles to forces and move more. It’s endothermic.

Question 8

Explain how cooling particles can change its state.

Answer 8

The particles lose kinetic energy to overcome the forces of attraction and change them. It’s endothermic

Question 9

Solid-liquid=?

Answer 9

Melting

Question 10

Liquid-gas=?

Answer 10

Evaporation

Question 11

Solid-gas=?

Answer 11

Sublimation

Question 12

Gas-liquid=?

Answer 12

Condensing

Question 13

Liquid-solid=?

Answer 13

Freezing

Question 14

Gas-solid=?

Answer 14

Deposition

Question 15

What is the state of Substance A at 600c if it’s a liquid at 800c and a gas at 1200c?

Answer 15

Solid

Question 16

What does a straight line in a temperature diagram represent?

Answer 16

A change in state, the temp stays constant as it changes, the substance is still being heated but this is latent heat-making the particles break away from their fixed arrangement?

Question 17

Name differences with pure substances and mixtures.

Answer 17

Pure substance- specific MP & BP
Mixture- A range of temp.
Impure substances melt over a range of temperatures.

Question 18

What does insoluble mean?

Answer 18

Can’t dissolve

Question 19

What does soluble mean?

Answer 19

Can dissolve

Question 20

What is Filtration?

Answer 20

Separating large particles from a solution

Question 21

What is Cystallisation?

Answer 21

Product of Evaporation

Question 22

What does saturated mean?

Answer 22

The maximum amount of solute/ completely surrounded.

Question 23

What is the Filtrate?

Answer 23

The product left are Filtration ( the liquid)

Question 24

What is the Residue?

Answer 24

The product left in the filter paper.

Question 25

What is the solute?

Answer 25

The material that will be dissolved (solid).

Question 26

What is the solvent?

Answer 26

The liquid dissolving the solute.

Question 27

What is the method for Filtration?

Answer 27

1- Fold the filter paper into the funnel and place in the conical flask 2-Use a pestle and mortar to crush the rock salt and some water to make it a solution. 3-Put it through the filter paper and put the remaining liquid in a basin.

Question 28

What is the method for Crystallisation?

Answer 28

1-Take the basin and place beaker of water which should be on the gauze on the tripod. 2- Put the bunsen burner on the blue flame 3-Wait until the mixture begins to heat and don't let it start spitting 4- Take it off the heat and wait until it cools before seeing how large the crystals are.

Question 29

Why would you use a beaker of water under the basin during Crystallisation?

Answer 29

This helps regulate the heat, meaning there is less chance of it overheating and the crystals will therefore be larger.

Question 30

What is the purpose of Simple Distillation?

Answer 30

To separate a solvent from a solution.

Question 31

What is the method for Simple Distillation?

Answer 31

1- The beaker must be connected with a delivery tube, that goes to a test tube in a beaker full of water 2- Heat the solution with a bunsen burner on the blue flame, don't let it boil or the pure water will be tainted 3- Keep moving the bunsen burner until all the solution is gone and collect the distillate.

Question 32

What is Fractional Distillation used for?

Answer 32

It is used for separating and extracting crude oils and multiple different liquids.

Question 33

What is the method for Chromatography?

Answer 33

1-Draw a line near the bottom of the paper, draw on the spots and label underneath 2-Wrap it around the pencil and place in a beaker of water so it just sits in it but isn't deep 3- Take the paper out when it reaches the top.

Question 34

How do you work out the Rf Value?

Answer 34

Distance travelled by the substance/distance travelled by the solvent

Question 35

What is the stationary phase?

Answer 35

Where the paper chromatography is uniform and still, the piece of chromatography paper

Question 36

What is the mobile phase?

Answer 36

The solvent that moves

Question 37

What is the method to obtain potable (drinkable) water?

Answer 37

1- It goes through a sedimentation tank where the heaviest material is deposited 2- It goes through filtration where finer materials such as sand is removed 3- Chlorine is then added to remove unwanted bacteria 4- It is then transported to a tower and is safe to drink