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GCSE Chemistry > SC1-2 > Flashcards

SC1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The thing you are changing.

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2
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

What you are measuring to assess how it is affected.

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3
Q

What are the control variables?

A

The things that you are going to keep the same.

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4
Q

Explain the structure of a solid.

A

Regular, close together and vibrate about fixed positions

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5
Q

Explain the structure of a liquid.

A

Random, close together and move around each other.

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6
Q

Explain the structure of a gas.

A

Random, far apart and move fastly in all directions.

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7
Q

Explain how heating particles can change its state.

A

The heating increases kinetic energy which allows the particles to forces and move more. It’s endothermic.

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8
Q

Explain how cooling particles can change its state.

A

The particles lose kinetic energy to overcome the forces of attraction and change them. It’s endothermic

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9
Q

Solid-liquid=?

A

Melting

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10
Q

Liquid-gas=?

A

Evaporation

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11
Q

Solid-gas=?

A

Sublimation

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12
Q

Gas-liquid=?

A

Condensing

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13
Q

Liquid-solid=?

A

Freezing

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14
Q

Gas-solid=?

A

Deposition

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15
Q

What is the state of Substance A at 600c if it’s a liquid at 800c and a gas at 1200c?

A

Solid

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16
Q

What does a straight line in a temperature diagram represent?

A

A change in state, the temp stays constant as it changes, the substance is still being heated but this is latent heat-making the particles break away from their fixed arrangement?

17
Q

Name differences with pure substances and mixtures.

A

Pure substance- specific MP & BP
Mixture- A range of temp.
Impure substances melt over a range of temperatures.

18
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

Can’t dissolve

19
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

Can dissolve

20
Q

What is Filtration?

A

Separating large particles from a solution

21
Q

What is Cystallisation?

A

Product of Evaporation

22
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

The maximum amount of solute/ completely surrounded.

23
Q

What is the Filtrate?

A

The product left are Filtration ( the liquid)

24
Q

What is the Residue?

A

The product left in the filter paper.

25
Q

What is the solute?

A

The material that will be dissolved (solid).

26
Q

What is the solvent?

A

The liquid dissolving the solute.

27
Q

What is the method for Filtration?

A

1- Fold the filter paper into the funnel and place in the conical flask
2-Use a pestle and mortar to crush the rock salt and some water to make it a solution.
3-Put it through the filter paper and put the remaining liquid in a basin.

28
Q

What is the method for Crystallisation?

A

1-Take the basin and place beaker of water which should be on the gauze on the tripod.
2- Put the bunsen burner on the blue flame
3-Wait until the mixture begins to heat and don’t let it start spitting
4- Take it off the heat and wait until it cools before seeing how large the crystals are.

29
Q

Why would you use a beaker of water under the basin during Crystallisation?

A

This helps regulate the heat, meaning there is less chance of it overheating and the crystals will therefore be larger.

30
Q

What is the purpose of Simple Distillation?

A

To separate a solvent from a solution.

31
Q

What is the method for Simple Distillation?

A

1- The beaker must be connected with a delivery tube, that goes to a test tube in a beaker full of water
2- Heat the solution with a bunsen burner on the blue flame, don’t let it boil or the pure water will be tainted
3- Keep moving the bunsen burner until all the solution is gone and collect the distillate.

32
Q

What is Fractional Distillation used for?

A

It is used for separating and extracting crude oils and multiple different liquids.

33
Q

What is the method for Chromatography?

A

1-Draw a line near the bottom of the paper, draw on the spots and label underneath
2-Wrap it around the pencil and place in a beaker of water so it just sits in it but isn’t deep
3- Take the paper out when it reaches the top.

34
Q

How do you work out the Rf Value?

A

Distance travelled by the substance/distance travelled by the solvent

35
Q

What is the stationary phase?

A

Where the paper chromatography is uniform and still, the piece of chromatography paper

36
Q

What is the mobile phase?

A

The solvent that moves

37
Q

What is the method to obtain potable (drinkable) water?

A

1- It goes through a sedimentation tank where the heaviest material is deposited
2- It goes through filtration where finer materials such as sand is removed
3- Chlorine is then added to remove unwanted bacteria
4- It is then transported to a tower and is safe to drink

GCSE Chemistry (1 decks)

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