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SC Flashcards

1
Q

Aggravate v aggravating

A

Worsen

Irritating

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2
Q

Known as vs known to be

A

Named

Acknowledge as

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3
Q

Loss of vs loss in

A

No longer in possession

Decline in value

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4
Q

Mandate vs have a mandate

A

Command

Have authority from voters

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5
Q

Native of vs native to

A

Person from

Species originated in

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6
Q

Range of vs ranging

A

Variety of

Varying

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7
Q

Rate of vs rates for

A

Speed or frequency

Prices for

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8
Q

Rise vs raise

A

General increase

Bet or salary increase

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9
Q

Try to do vs try doing

A

Seek to accomplish

Experiment w

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10
Q

Parallelism flags

A

Both phrases must be ||

  • X as well as Y
  • X but also Y
  • X but Y
  • X rather than Y
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11
Q

Comparison trick

A

look at the 2nd part (after “than”) and see if you can find the || part in the 1st

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12
Q

**Parallelism - words after

A

don’t have to be identical

  • WHO speak English and WHOSE parents don’t
  • IN the box AND ON the table (prepositions can vary)
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13
Q

||- not X,

A

1) not X, but rather Y
* * rather alone IS WRONG (correct: not X or Y, RATHER C)
2) not X or Y is fine
* * not X, Y is wrong

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14
Q

||- not only X,

A

but also Y (the poison is not only for Joffrey, BUT ALSO for Cersei)

but Y (the poison is not only for Joffrey, BUT for Cersei)

also Y (not only is the poison for Joffrey, ALSO / it is ALSO for Cersei)

X must be || to Y

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15
Q

||- Between X

A

and Y

X must be || to Y

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16
Q

||- Consider X,

A

Y

X must be || to Y

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17
Q

||- in contrast to X,

A

Y

X must be || to Y

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18
Q

||- Estimate X

A

to be Y

X must be || to Y

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19
Q

||- Mistake X

A

for Y

X must be || to Y

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20
Q

||- Think of X

||- View X

A

as Y

X must be || to Y

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21
Q

||- Whether X

A

or Y

X must be || to Y

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22
Q

**Linking verbs: ex: xxxx “is” xxxx

A

Must be ||
Correct: the nomination of this politician IS a step forward (the event is the step forward, not a person)
Wrong: this politician IS a step forward (politician isn’t || to step forward)

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23
Q

Who whom which whose - when to use what

A

Who whom - people
Which - things
Whose - both
W’s modifies the closest noun / pronoun (theater, who modifies theater)

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24
Q

Where vs in which

A

Where - place, generally MUST be a PHYSICAL location

In which - condition, circumstance , arrangement

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25
Q

When vs in which

A

Both for periods of time

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26
Q

(countable) Many vs much

A

Many is countable much isn’t

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27
Q

(countable) Few vs little

A

Few is countable little isn’t

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28
Q

(countable) Numerous vs great

A

Numerous is countable great isn’t

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29
Q

(countable) Number v amount

A

Number is countable

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30
Q

It’s numbers are greater than / more than

$20 less than / fewer than

A

Greater than

Less than

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31
Q

When you see -ly, it’s a ____ and can modify ____

A

-ly is an adverb. Adv can modify everything except noun

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32
Q

so…such that

A

WRONG
so.. that is fine
…such that… is fine

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33
Q

so new for xxxx

A

a person, not an object
Ex: so new for me
Wrong: so new for a place

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34
Q

“from which” - how to test ex: the table from which the dog stole food

A

the dog stole food FROM the table

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35
Q

lots of prepositional phrases - trick

A

remove them so you can find core

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36
Q

the number of WHICH (which must refer to what?)

A

a noun that’s explicitly stated

WRONG: the wolves’ population, the number of which (wolves isn’t explicitly stated)

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37
Q

Pronoun errors - check for

A

1) singular / plural: While Connie went riding, they found (wrong)
2) if a noun exists
* * rarely have to find the correct noun (rarely an ambiguous error)

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38
Q

seldom more than a small peep, xxx is a 200 lb giant

A

BUT

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39
Q

found xxxx

A

to be

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40
Q

DECREASE (type of word?) in size

A

verb

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41
Q

goal of vs goal to doing

A

goal of (working out)

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42
Q

more slowly vs slower

A

more slowly - adverb so modify anything but a noun

slower - adj so modify noun

must be || to the correct adv / adj.

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43
Q

dated xxx

A

AT, not “to be”

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44
Q

evidence for vs evidence that

A

evidence for + noun

evidence that + longer clause

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45
Q

more…over (instead of than)

A

WRONG

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46
Q

indicate xxx + [phrase]

A

THAT is needed before a phrase

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47
Q

ability of vs ability to

A

to

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48
Q

if X were, …

A

would Y

Ex: if he were to eat breakfast, he would poop

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49
Q

Essential+—

A

FOR, not in

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50
Q

proportion of women IS or ARE

The number of women

A number of women

A

are

is

are

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51
Q

% of something is singular or plural

A

depends
Ex: 25% of chocolate bar IS eaten
25% of the boxes ARE here

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52
Q

whether

whether or not

A

both are fine!

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53
Q

Sanam is singular or plural?

A 
Both! Depends 
Some
All
None
Any
More most
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54
Q

Pong is a game from which has / have descended many current games

A

have

Trick: many current games HAVE descended from pong

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55
Q

Of which needs a ——
Of them needs a —-

Ex: all particles, some of which/them xxx discovered

A

Of which - needs a verb. Some of which were discovered

Of them - no verb. Some of them discovered

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56
Q

Nasene singular or plural

A

always singular!

Neither
Anyone — not any 
Someone — not some
Each 
No one — not none 
Everyone —not all

These end in one or is selective that’s why singular

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57
Q

so…as

A

WRONG

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58
Q

that vs those

A

that is singular so has to modify singular noun

those is plural

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59
Q

without X, —- Y

A

or

NOT “nor” - it’s “neither…nor”

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60
Q

growing up is what kind of word

A

adj

Ex: Growing up, I was…

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61
Q

Ron’s SC method

A

Step 1: understand meaning like if you’re reading a sign
Step 2 - When in doubt, check ||**, modifier, SV, Pron
** dilligently read vertically, check EVERY WORD

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62
Q

Ron’s || method

A

Step 1: read for meaning
2: look for || markers like “and”, but, as and check mechanical || (n), and whether it should be || (s) and if structure is right (f)

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63
Q

Pronoun signals

A

it, they, this, those,

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64
Q

Found fossils from what appear(s)—-(singular or plural?)

A

appearS bc the subject is “what”

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65
Q

Find / found + xxx

A

to be

NOT as

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66
Q

this is proof + xxx

A

of or that

NOT for

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67
Q

ways ….do something

A

ways TO do something
ways OF doing something

NOT ways + “that, so that, thus”

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68
Q

not…but instead - correct or wrong

A

correct

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69
Q

fail + xxx

A

to [verb]

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70
Q

the likelihood …

A

of verb-ing

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71
Q

equally likely … as

OR as likely as

A

as….as
Correct: person A is as likely as person B to do
Correct: 2 people are equally likely to do something

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72
Q

convince that + xxx

A

phrase - subject and verb

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73
Q

convinced of + xxx

A

noun

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74
Q

argue for vs argue that

A

argue for [noun]

argue that [phrase]

75
Q

energy expended …

A

for / on both work

76
Q

they suffered an event FROM/BY which their numbers were reduced

A

their numbers were reduced BY an event they suffered (passive tense)

77
Q

appear to be / as something

A

Both are fine

Appear AS is used when you equate something to describe the subject. Connie appears as a doll – Connie = doll

78
Q

earliest OF the people on Earth

A

correct

79
Q

conceived X…Y

A

AS, not TO BE

80
Q

Rather can’t be used as a

A

conjunction like “and or but”, can’t be used btwn 2 separate clauses
(rather than - fine because it’s like more than)

81
Q

results in making

A

results in +ing is not a thing, use resulting in being …

82
Q

BY is most often used in passive tense

A

If you see “by” used elsewhere, beware, eliminate if you’re guessing
Correct: He was eaten by the dragon (passive)
Wrong:

83
Q

due to + xxx - trick

A

Check “due to” is correct by subbing “caused by”

xxx= must be a noun

84
Q

comma ing is impossible to have xxx

A

xxx = a change in time
Wrong: …, later+ing, then, previously
Incorrect: 720 in ‘18, Neuroscientists have amassed, now drawing conclusions (now is wrong because the 2nd phrase is automatically present perf)
Exception - now can sometimes be fine if the main clause is also talking about now

85
Q

comma with + ing, with is used

Ex; , with consumers racing

A

when you describe a component of the prior statement

Correct: Apple had record sales, with consumers racing to buy last minute gifts → consumers buying gifts is a component of the record sales

Incorrect: Thule artifacts are similar, with one explanation being → the explanation isn’t a component of the artifacts being similar

86
Q

Church is to Christianity what / just as / like temple is to Buddhism

A

WHAT
Wrong: Just as / like bc those 2 modifiers need a complete sentence before them
(hint: look at other choices)

87
Q

pronoun: “its” can refer to the noun?
Ex: despite its covering, the crust

A

Yes

88
Q

when you see BUT, think what type of issue

A

think || issues

89
Q

when you see AS, think what type of issue

A

think comparison issues

90
Q

when you see BUT WHICH

Ex: he conceived of the radio as a sub for the phone, a tool for private convo, BUT WHICH is…

A

WHICH no longer modifies the noun before BUT, think || and “which…” must be || to the phrase before. Those 2 phrases modify the noun before.

Ex: WHICH is… should be || to “a tool for private convo” and they both modify phone

91
Q

If you see in SC phrases being switched around, check

A

for other concrete errors before going to meaning

92
Q
  1. it costs the same to build a nice condo as other types of houses
  2. the cost of building a nice condo is the same as for other types of houses
  3. it costs the same to build a nice condo as for other types
    What’s the error?
A

correct: condo <> other types
correct: the cost OF building <> (the cost) FOR (building) other types
WRONG: costs TO BUILD <> (the cost) FOR (building) other types

93
Q

to catch verb tense issues, remember to look

A

around the underline for hints

94
Q

tense issues

A
  1. meaning must make sense

2. look for consistent tense usage, unless there’s a time marker

95
Q

When you have a modifier, the tense follows

A

the tense of the main verb that it’s attached
Ex: the econ is unstable, the result of a crash occurring 10 years ago (WRONG - occurring follows the present tense, but it happened 10 years ago so need occurred)

96
Q

with verb timeframe issues, if something is meant to persist / exist into perpetuity, present tense is fine

A

Ex: Her letters outnumber her letters to anyone else (even though she is dead)

97
Q

“Early humans appear as equipped” is wrong because

A

appear - fine since we NOW realize this appearance

as - wrong because equipped should happen in the past, so you need “to have been”

98
Q

+ed modifier, timeframe matters?

A

tense is more flexible, it can reflect the past tense

Ex: She holds these titles, earnED last year

99
Q

Refiners pay vs are paying

A

pay is used for more permanent situations

are paying - temporary, so if it’s just this year

100
Q

SC - special: preposition + noun + modifier

A

Ex: the possibility OF EARTH GETTING WARMER
there’s no possibility of Earth. Earth exists.
Tip: cut off the modifier and see if the noun itself makes sense
**“that” is not a preposition

101
Q

SC - special: personal immersion - need the subject or noun version (instead of -ing)

A

Ex: the greater was coronary disease likely (the greater likelihood that SHE was going to get coronary disease)
Ex: they recycled materials in constructing the building (in the construction)
Tip: ask who’s doing something

102
Q

SC - special: passive voice

A
  1. only if active voice is in another choice and is efficiently written
  2. only if the active construction is the main point
    Tip: find the subject and active / passive verb
    Ex: the output is trimmed by < nations were trimming output by
    Ex: emergence of life forms is not an issue here bc no verb
103
Q

SC - special: extra words

A

extra subjects

Ex: intensifying expectations of something, THAT it more than double

104
Q

SC - structure, look for

A

run on or fragments

105
Q

Both…

A

And…

Wrong: “as well as”, “nor”

106
Q

**“HAD” (by itself) is what tense?

A

past tense
Ex: I had plans yesterday

Don’t get confused with HAD+ [verb]

107
Q

when you see “this” in SC, pronoun wise,

A

1) refers to an idea, not a subject / noun. Use it/they.
2) “this” can’t refer to a noun in the same clause, need a semicolon or period
Ex: sloth was the earliest mammal, making IT (not this)
Ex: hurricanes travel east to west, bc THAT is the direction (that refers to “east to west”, an idea)

108
Q

consider xxx a better person

consider xx better

A

to be
Ex: considered to be a better person, considered better

wrong: as

109
Q

|| - Unlike X,

A

Y
X must be || to Y
Ex: Unlike catching cod, catching haddock…

110
Q

If you catch yourself lost in SC,

A

look for 1 topic - || first

111
Q

trick to deciding if it’s a modifier or 2 sep clauses
Europa has been cold and has frozen water
or
Europa has been cold, with frozen water

The house is conical in shape and is banked in dirt
The house is conical in shape, with poles constructed from branches and banked in dirt

A 
Think PPT bullets (are the 2 ideas supposed to be on the same slide?)
- is cold
- has frozen water
or
- is cold with frozen water (yes)
  • is conical in shape
  • is banked in dirt
    2 sep ideas so shouldn’t be || together
112
Q

Besides X, Y should be

But if you have “besides dancing, I also play piano”

A

||

Difficult to have VERBing in the Y component, so “besides dancing, I also play piano” is fine

113
Q

As (former) Miss USA, she was the most beautiful woman

A

because WAS is past tense, you don’t need former.

As the former Miss USA, she IS a famous actress.

114
Q

Modifier for nouns

A

, which
+ing (no comma)
that
who, whose, in which, all the w’s, etc.

115
Q

between / among X on the one hand and Y and Z on the other hand

A

between - on the one hand, the other hand are the 2 components (Y and Z are considered 1)

116
Q

A 2000 study showed that everyone [is/had been/has been] fat since 1890

A

present perfect: has been

Perspective is in 2000, since 1890, everyone HAS been fat

117
Q

To “check SC”,

A

check tense!

If stuck in SC, go word by word and look for another split. Then just pick 1 and move on quickly!

118
Q

For SC, if you crossed out a choice

A

avoid revisiting it - second guessing yourself just confuses you!

119
Q

Cersei OR Jamie survive / survives

A

survives! OR makes it singular

120
Q

its can refer to a possessive noun, its?

A

yes, lives in the parasite’s hosts for part of ITS lifecycle

121
Q

while - flag for

A

not parallelism!
But, often you should check for || unless it’s part of a modifier
Ex: they struggled, (while) neglecting

122
Q

combination of X and of Y

A

WRONG. it’s not the combo of X and the combo of Y

123
Q

He was heavy, but except in the water, he was light.

A

BUT EXCEPT is fine. You need “but” or else it’s a run-on

124
Q

he – vegan AFTER watching a documentary
he – vegan SINCE watching a documentary
what tense of “turn”

A

turned –> past follows AFTER (there was a point in time when he made the switch)
has turned –> present perf follows SINCE (implies it’s still happening)

125
Q

he should be held in confinement and hard labor

A

WRONG - || implies he should be held in hard labor, makes no sense (watch out for || meaning, read around the phrase)

126
Q

regard as vs to be

A

regard AS

127
Q

the rest is / are hungry

A

are - rest is typically more than 1

128
Q

either…or (beware when you see what?)

A

lists of 3!

129
Q

it was decided by - error

A

it’s not pronoun error, passive tense

130
Q

it [had not been] announced UNTIL 1968

A

No, need past tense. Announced on 1968 so point in time. Didn’t persist up until 1968

131
Q

“as a result of” vs “by”

Ex: the energy prevented from dissipating by / as a result of boundaries in the ocean

A

as a result implies it indirectly caused something

by implies direct causation

132
Q

|| tricks

A

Don’t forget to read before and after underline to check

- and/but, not while

133
Q

Modifier tricks

A
  • Remove prepositional phrases to check
  • p: don’t forget the 1 word “only”
  • p: When you see “in…” ask “where?” and see if the placement of “in…” makes sense
  • c: watch out for comma ing / ing is used correctly
134
Q

SV tricks

A

Remove prepositional phrases to check

135
Q

Structure tricks

A

Large part of sentence is underlined and choices change quite a bit

136
Q

SC steps

A
  1. Read for meaning (reread if you DON’T know what author is trying to say)
  2. 5 Read choices quickly and eliminate instinctively
  3. Find differences and go topic by topic
    - if you’re really stuck, likely you can’t find an error in A, guess A
137
Q

there was / were 50% of women working here

A

WERE (50% of women WERE working here)

138
Q

not only A, but (also) B, and C

A

Yes! you can have a 3rd one added with “and” but A || B || C

139
Q

A also B, can “also” be used in place of and?

A

yes

140
Q

that vs which - what’s needed

A

which only refers to nouns right before it, not clause. Unless there’s some prepositional phrase

That modifies a noun OR phrase next to it
*wrong to use comma that (unlike comma which)

141
Q

2018 to WHAT would be the best year of my life

A

be wary of redundancy when you see “what”

What is a subject so you don’t need 2018 or what together

142
Q

TO make it vs itself

A

TO + verb needs a reflexive pronoun (itself)

Ex: I want to make myself flexible

143
Q

WITH the aim of working out vs WITH the aim to work out vs aim at working out

A

Correct: WITH the aim of working out
Correct: the aim to work out
Correct: aim at working out

144
Q

in 1900, they killed / had killed some fish, but by 1920, they had killed / killed all the fish. When do you use perfect?

A

In 1900 - killed

BY 1920 - had killed

145
Q

Meaning tricks

A

Think redundancy, and wrong connectors
- always ask yourself, is this NONSENSE? Ex: that of poor ppl (if that refers to expectations, does that really make sense)

146
Q

when you see “had” / “have” (perfect tense)

A

Can’t mix - unless one event happened before the other

Correct: By 1800s, he had killed everyone but so had she. (Same tense bc same timeframe)

Correct: They had installed lighting by the 1800s, but electricity WAS in <1% of homes (installed happened BEFORE electricity was in 1% of homes).

Wrong: They had installed lighting by the 1800s, but there HAD BEEN electricity in 1% of homes (change in timeframe, so you can’t use past perfect again)

147
Q

When do you HAVE to use past perfect tense?

A

1) ‘earlier’ action that persisted up to OR was completed by the time of the ‘later’ action
2) has a clear, direct, obvious relation to the ‘later’ action
Ex: We HAD BEEN WAITING for Dr. Smith when he finally arrived –. waiting relates to D arriving
Otherwise, past tense is fine

148
Q

past tense errors errors

A

use your ear

typically, the error is incorrectly using past perfect. If you see both past, and it sounds fine, can be correct

149
Q

If one were to .., it xxx…, which yyy

If one is …, it xxx…, which yyy

A

would be ….would be
has… is
Ex: if one were to count, it would be the largest, which would be bigger than…

150
Q

Tense tricks

A

Watch out for comma / no comma ing modifiers - does tense make sense to follow the main action it modifies?

151
Q

students who majored

A

nonsense meaning - who majored sounds like they already finished. If they graduated, they shouldn’t be students
* pay attention to meaning of tenses

152
Q

Which

vs comma ing vs ing vs that

A

WHICH modifies noun only right before, never a clause / phrase (unless there’s a prep phrase)
**MUST HAVE COMMA WHICH (except for which, in which, each of which, any prep + which)

153
Q

comma Ing modifier must meet 2 criteria

A
  1. Must modify the main SUBJECT (doesn’t have to be the closest noun) and the phrase / whole idea of sentence and make sense
  2. check TENSE, since it takes on the main verb, must make sense

Ex: Ryan was slapped by a girl on the playground, angering his father. (angering modifies Ryan was slapped, his dad was angry at RYAN)
Ex: Caspian is the largest lake, covering more than 4x (YAS: “, covering…” modifies CASPIAN is largest lake)
Ex: the largest lake is Caspian, covering more than 4x (WRONG: “,covering …” isn’t spse to modify largest lake is Caspian

154
Q

ing (no comma)

vs which vs comma ing vs that

A

ing modifies the noun next to it

155
Q

that

vs comma ing vs ing vs which

A

that modifies the noun or phrase next to it

**CANNOT use comma

156
Q

by ___ calls for what type of tense

A

past perfect

By today, I should have finished my studying

157
Q

Weakness / skip questions that…

A
  • really long and the whole thing is underlined (time consuming and typically modifier / meaning issues)
158
Q

S/V - single box of crayons that is or are?

A

either is fine! BC verb is part of THAT PHRASE

Wrong: single box of crayons ARE (you need is bc there’s no “that”)

159
Q

the kind of intercolony struggles that limit / limits

A

struggles –> LIMIT (can’t ignore “of” prep phrase bc the verb is tied to the modifier of intercolony!)

  • when you see “of”, ignore
  • when you see “that”, pay attention
160
Q

the number of guests that end / ends

A

guests –> END (can’t ignore “of” prep phrase bc the verb is tied to the modifier of guests!)

  • when you see “of”, ignore
  • when you see “that”, pay attention
161
Q

a layer of needles protect / protects

A

layer –> PROTECTS (ignore “of” prep phrase)

  • when you see “of”, ignore
  • when you see “that”, pay attention
162
Q

a single set of strings run / runs

A

EITHER
In this weird case, meaning wise, run can refer to set or strings
“That” can be flexible if the meaning permits

163
Q

fossils of the arm of a sloth that was / were

A

fossils –> were
this one’s weird bc the meaning is that the fossils were dated at 34 mm years old. It wouldn’t make sense to say the sloth was dated at 34mm

164
Q

emotional reactions in a person that create / creates psychological responses

A

reactions –> create (person doesn’t create the responses)

** pay attention to meaning

165
Q

fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that make / makes it more expensive

A

costs –> make

meaning wise, the plants don’t make it more expensive, the fixed costs do

166
Q

fears of / that

A

fear of NOUN

fear that [phrase]

167
Q

the largest lake on Earth, which covers (is which ok?)

A

yes, prep phrase is removed, which modifies lake

168
Q

artifacts BEING similar (is being ok?)

A

yes, it’s a signal for initial modifier

169
Q

spending slowed, with unsold goods piling up (is with ok?)

A

yes, meaning wise, with goods is a component of why spending slowed. Always check meaning for “with”

170
Q

As vs like

A

As in front of clause Ex: As did Ros, Tol did

Like in front of noun, never clause Ex: Like Ros, Tol

171
Q

tariffs were WHAT the gvt depended on

A

WHAT can be followed by a noun

Incorrect: the decrease in unemployment to WHAT would be the lowest in two years

172
Q

__ING modifiers (with/without comma) PRESERVE THE TIMEFRAME of xxx

A

the clause to which they’re ATTACHED - must have a verb, or else tense is absent which is bad

Ex: enough has been set aside, thus no longer having to do something in the future (2nd phrase is also in present perfect which makes no sense)

173
Q

NOUN + having + _ed

Ex: the proliferation HAVING BLOCKED the migration

A

typically is wrong (*don’t get confused with just NOUN having, which is fine)

  1. Tense - the clause it modifies has no verb
  2. Fleeting /permanent - VERBing is temporary, but _ed means it finished in the past. So _ing + _ed makes no sense
174
Q

PHRASE + _ing + _ed (or , PHRASE)

Ex: Having earned her degree, she applied to jobs

A

be careful

1. Tense - having earned takes on the past tense of applied. Yes, she finished her degree

175
Q

verb based modifier (ie _ing or _ed) must modify

A

the main sentence (need a verb), and takes on that timeframe so these can only modify a clause, not a noun

176
Q

have / having _ed is what tense

A

by itself, it’s past - completed action
Ex: having finished, having done, having built
Ex: having BEEN

177
Q

_ing / are _ing (as a verb) is what tense

Ex: are blocking vs block

A 
Immediate now (are blocking, is being) 
Can't pair with "regular" present (block)

Incorrect: as businesses GROW, students ARE BEING more successful - are being is immed now, grow is present Ex: 299

178
Q

_ing (as a modifier) ex: people working vs work

A

People working in retail - temporary, just a job
People who work in retail - retail is your career
Ex: 299

179
Q

“being” - trick

A 
often incorrectly used
Ways it's used:
* is being - immediate NOW it's being
* being ed - going on during the timeframe of the main sent it's modifying
* initial modifier: being..., [subject]
180
Q

to keep it from vs to keep from eating

A

to keep IT from - sounds like you’re keeping IT from eating, without it sounds like you’re keeping yourself from eating

181
Q

SKIP these types of questions in Verbal

A

CR

  • didn’t understand argument at all (lots of steps / detail)
  • can’t find conclusion

RC
- “author agrees with which statement” (need to find ea st, LT)

182
Q

||, when you see “the rate” and “more than half”

A

it’s || bc “more than half” is a rate!

183
Q

minorities are 4 times as likely as other grads

minorities are 4 times more likely than other grads

A

both are fine

meaning wise, 4 times more likely sounds like 5 times or 6 times work too

184
Q

whereas __

unlike__

A

whereas (clause)

unlike (noun)

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