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Business Studies AS > SBL Year 13 > Flashcards

SBL Year 13 Flashcards

1
Q

12/06/17

State factors preventing a business from having correct number of staff

A

Bad reputation
Too low wages
Imbalance of costs

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2
Q

12/06/17

What is meant by outsourcing

A

This is a practice which involves the use of a third party (supplier) to provide services rather than have people employed within the business/organisation to do them

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3
Q

12/06/17

What is the difference between off-shoring and outsourcing

A

Off-shoring is when the work is done overseas but outsourcing is when someone else does the work for us

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4
Q

12/06/17

How can outsourcing reduce costs

A

Save money on training and wages, as and when
No recruitment process
No contribution towards employee benefit
Reduction of line managers

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5
Q

12/06/17

Advantages of outsourcing

A

Reduces costs
Offers flexibility
Get specialism

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6
Q

12/06/17

Disadvantages of outsourcing

A

Difficult to manage as you can’t out source responsibility
Poor service if they’re outsourcing is international
Damaged reputation
Difficult to co-ordinate
Quality of work reduced
Legal disputes

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7
Q

16/06/17

What is a zero hours contract

A

A contract between employer and a worker where: the employer isn’t obliged to provide any minimum working hours and the worker isn’t obliged to accept any work offered

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8
Q

19/06/17

What is meant by remote working

A

This involves allowing the employees to work away from the business premises

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9
Q

19/06/17

Advantages of remote working

A

Can boost staff morale as they’re trusted to work at home
Less business space needed so costs can be let down
Employees save time and money travelling to work
May be less distractions at home so concentration will be better

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10
Q

19/06/17

Disadvantages of remote working

A

More distractions for employees so not as efficient
Lack of facilities at home
Some employees may do less work without discipline
Some employees will miss the social aspect of work

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11
Q

19/06/17

What is meant by flexi time

A

Doing a set amount of hours during the week when the employee wants and when the office is open

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12
Q

19/06/17

Advantages of flexi time

A

Employees may prefer a choice of hours

Work gets done but in employees pace

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13
Q

19/06/17

Disadvantages of flexi time

A

It may cost more for the business to run the office because of lights operating for longer

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14
Q

19/06/17

What is meant by job sharing

A

Where employees job share on a morning-afternoon basis or on a day-to-day basis

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15
Q

19/06/17

What is meant by structured time off in lieu

A

Where employees are asked to work longer hours during busy periods and less hours during quieter periods

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16
Q

19/06/17

Advantages of structured time off in lieu

A

Employees still get enough time off and don’t get overworked

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17
Q

19/06/17

Disadvantages of structured time off in lieu

A

Employees may become stressed and demotivated if too much pressure is put on them

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18
Q

19/06/17

What are the advantages of job sharing

A

Employees can work when it suits them

Tasks are always covered by another job sharer

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19
Q

19/06/17

Disadvantages of job sharing

A

More costs to employing 2 people instead of 1

If job sharers have managerial responsibilities, differing leadership styles may confuse staff

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20
Q

19/06/17

What does compressed hours mean

A

An attempt to provide an alternative week in terms of the number of days per week actually worked by employees (e.g. if a normal working week is 5, 8 hour days, the compressed hours week would be 4 days of 10 hours per day)

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21
Q

19/06/17

Advantages of compressed hours

A

Ease congestion
Working one day less potentially reduces commuting costs
Allows greater flexibility for employees
Reduces costs of child care
Staff morale may improve due to extra days off so productivity may increase

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22
Q

19/06/17

Disadvantages of compressed hours

A

Longer working day for employees
Productivity may decrease as the working day is longer
A greater loss of production/service provision if staff have a day off

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23
Q

19/06/17

What does annualised hours mean

A

Employees work a total number of hours for the year as a whole, with a degree of flexibility as to how these hours are undertaken

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24
Q

19/06/17

Advantages of annualised hours

A

Allows employees to use workforce when needed
Allows employee flexibility
No need for employers to pay expensive overtime rates

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25
Q

19/06/17

Disadvantages of annualised hours

A

Being on call may be restrictive for employees

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26
Q

19/06/17

What is meant by term-time working

A

Where working hours mirror term time days. The employee will work as normal during term time but won’t work during school holidays

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27
Q

19/06/17

Advantages of term-time working

A

The job still gets done, however, no work is done during holidays

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28
Q

19/06/17

Disadvantages of term-time working

A

Employees may feel demotivated during busy periods

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29
Q

21/06/17

What is meant by training needs analysis

A

This is the process of identifying the gap between current training and training needs so that employees can be given the skills that they need to do their job effectively

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30
Q

30/06/17

What is meant by one way communication

A

This usually comes in the form of an order, where the receiver has no right to reply

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31
Q

30/06/17

Advantages of one way communication

A

Quick to use

No pressure on the sender to justify what is being communicated

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32
Q

30/06/17

Disadvantages of one way communication

A

Less reliable as there is no way to check message (no feedback)
May cause frustration for the receiver

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33
Q

30/06/17

What is meant by two way communication

A

This involves both a sender and a receiver

34
Q

30/06/17

Advantages of a two way communication

A

More effective/reliable, because the receiver is able to gain feedback
Receiver feels more motivated

35
Q

30/06/17

Disadvantages of a two way communication

A

Takes more time and is therefore more expensive

Puts the sender of the information under pressure to explain the information being sent

36
Q

03/07/17

What is meant by formal communication

A

This is within an organisation those that take place using agreed rules or procedures (e.g. a board meeting)

37
Q

03/07/17

What is meant by informal communication

A

Those that are not based upon any set measures (e.g. conversations in a staff room)

38
Q

03/07/17

What is the usual misconception about formal and informal communication

A

Formal communication is not necessarily paper based, and informal communication is not necessarily always verbal

39
Q

17/07/17

What is vertical communication

A

This is associated with communication from management being passed down to the employees on the shop floor

40
Q

17/07/17

What is horizontal communication

A

This involves communication between people on the same level of the organisational structure

41
Q

17/07/17

What is open communication

A

This involves the use of language which will be understood by the vast majority of the population. It is very important if the business intends to reach a large audience

42
Q

17/07/17

What is closed communication

A

This is where a business may have its own language for activities, procedures and components within the business. This will be understood by those within the business, but not by anyone else outside the business

43
Q

17/07/17

What is meant by communication media

A

This refers to how the message is imparted to the receiver/(s) and involves a text message or email or face to face conferencing or fax

44
Q

17/07/17

Name the 3 barriers to effective communication as identified by Shannon and Weaver

A

Technical
Semantic
Effectiveness

45
Q

17/07/17

What is meant by group norms

A

These are rules or guidelines that reflect expectations of how group members should act and interact. They define what behaviours are acceptable or not

46
Q

17/07/17

What are implicit norms

A

These are where norms aren’t always expressed or discussed. People may simply assume that certain norms exist and accept them by unspoken consent

47
Q

17/07/17

What are explicit norms

A

Sometimes group norms are stated outright, either orally or in writing. Such explicit rules may be imposed by an authority figure such as a designated team leader

48
Q

18/07/17

What might consensus depend upon?

A 
Whether views are shared
Power of members of the group
The extent to which the individual needs the group
Formality of the group
Purpose of the group
49
Q

18/07/17

What is meant by source, message and media

A

Source - this is the individual who is communicating a message
Message - the information that the individual wants to communicate
Media - the channel that the message is conveyed through. Eg face to face meetings, telephone calls or emails

50
Q

18/07/17

What is meant by receiver, feedback and barrier

A

Receiver - person that the message is being delivered to
Feedback - gathered from the receiver. Through verbal and nonverbal reactions to the communicated message
Barrier - items which prevent effective communication. Important to be mindful that these can occur at each stage

51
Q

18/07/17

What is the communication model

A

This shows us how to communicate effectively. It would help a business with poor communication to pinpoint what they are doing wrong

52
Q

19/07/17

Why set objectives?

A

Gives the business a clearly defined target
Plans can be made to achieve these targets
Motivate employees
Enables the business to measure the progress towards its stated aims
Responsibility and accountability for objectives can be given

53
Q

19/07/17

What can the business aims be shown through

A 
Profit
Increase in market share
Growth
Social/ethic
Survival
54
Q

20/09/17

What happens without clear HRM objectives?

A 
Failure to achieve overall objectives
Businesses end up 'firefighting' problems (not being proactive in thinking about issues that could arise)
Business unfocused
Increased costs 
Reputation damaged
Cash flow issues
Customer needs not met
Breaches in the law caused
55
Q

03/10/17

What is meant by organisational culture

A

The organisational culture of a business is the collection of values and behaviour which are unique to the environment of the organisation

56
Q

03/10/17

What is meant by the physical level of culture

A

E.g. technology, dress code, office layout
These can be ‘seen’. The features could include focused, respectful, relaxed, professional or could be messy, intimidating and cold. There are also non-tangible aspects of organisational culture expressed through the companies vision and values. The practices of the business should match with these

57
Q

17/10/17

What is workforce planning

A

This is about deciding how many and what types of workers are required

58
Q

17/10/17

What are the factors a business needs to decide upon when choosing a type of worker

A 
Age (ideally should be a balance)
Skills
Experience
Qualifications
Physical fitness
59
Q

18/10/17

Why is it important to get the right number and right type of workers?

A

Meet customer needs
Be financially efficient
Avoid high levels of staff turnover

60
Q

18/10/17

State the factors a business needs to consider when creating a workforce plan

A 
Financial/budget constraints
Business objectives
Technology
Changing needs of the business
Overall increased/decreased sales
Labour turnover (including retirement)
Change in methods of production
Unforeseen circumstance (ie natural disasters)
The state of the economy 
Changes in legislation
61
Q

16/11/17

What is meant by functions of management

A

The set of core activities which define the role of managers in a business environment. The four functions of management include planning, organising, directing and controlling

62
Q

16/11/17

What constraints may prevent a manager from being successful?

A

Skill/ability to manage
Ability to make decisions
Co-ordination with other departments/managers within the organisation
Poor employee/employer relations
Structure of an organisation (centralised or decentralised)
Budget of the business
Competition

63
Q

16/11/17

How might a manager’s success be measured?

A 
Achievement of business targets 
Achievement of individual targets (i.e. in appraisal)
Level of profit the business achieves
Level of labour turnover 
Reducing customer complaints
64
Q

21/11/17

Characteristics of a manager

A 
Obeyed
Employees feel like resources
Delegates tasks
Not much praise
Procedural
Work allocution, monitoring performance, fixes problems employees can't, rota
Minimises risk
65
Q

21/11/17

Characteristics of a leader

A

Followed
Charismatic, genuine
Makes you feel optimistic about goals
Clear about what to achieve as a team
Consistency
Explains why high standards are important
One of resources to help employees achieve goals
Strict to negative employees (flexible leadership styles)
Helps employees reflect on how to improve
Positive impact on people
Can’t teach someone to be a leader
Inspirational - encourages new ways of thinking

66
Q

22/11/17

Acronym for external influences

A

STEEPLE

67
Q

22/11/17

What does STEEPLE stand for

A 
Social
Technological 
Environmental
Ethical
Political
Legal
Economic
68
Q

22/11/17

What is meant by a marketing objective

A

These set out what a business wants to achieve from its marketing objectives. They need to be consistent with overall aims and objectives of the business

69
Q

22/11/17

Examples of marketing objectives

A

Increase sales of existing products by 25%
Launch 2 new products into the market to add at least 5% market share
Achieve at least 97% positive customer service rating

70
Q

05/12/17

Diagram of buyer behaviour

A 
Need recognition and problem awareness
--
Information search
--
Evaluation of alternatives
--
Purchase
--
Post-purchase evaluation
71
Q

05/12/17

Which factors might influence buyer behaviour

A 
Demographics 
Time constraints
Income
Consumer confidence
Advertising
Shop/website layout
Trends
72
Q

05/12/17

What are the 4 marketing models aimed at helping businesses to successfully promote

A

AIDA
DAGMAR
ATR
SWOT analysis

73
Q

05/12/17

What does AIDA stand for

A

Attention
Interest
Desire
Action

74
Q

05/12/17

What is AIDA

A

A promotional model applied specifically to advertising
It represents the steps through which your target customers must travel (from interest to purchase) through if you are to sell your product/service to them

75
Q

14/12/17

Limitations of AIDA

A

If the cycle is broken at any point, the advertisement will not result in a purchase
Amusing or interesting promotional activities may stimulate interest in the campaign, but not the product itself
Customer many be unable to act on the desire because of financial resources
Desire might be created for the wrong reasons
Availability of the product might cause an issue
The price may discourage a purchase

76
Q

14/12/17 (homework)

What does ATR stand for

A

Awareness (e.g. advertising, word of mouth)
Trial (e.g. value function, distribution)
Repurchase (e.g. validation of value function)

77
Q

14/12/17 (homework)

Describe each stage of ATR

A

Awareness: in general, a potential customer will find out about a new product through advertising or by hearing about the product from other consumers
Trial: the consumer will then try to find out if the attributes of the product match the requirements that they have for the product. If the product does not match up in terms of price and performance, or if the consumer experiences difficulty in finding it, the process will end at this point
Repurchase: having bought the product, the consumer may find that it doesn’t meet expectations in any one of a number of ways; too expensive, poor performance, poor value for money. If this is the case, then repurchase is unlikely. With the purchase of expensive items, customers are likely to be contacted after the purchase to check that they are happy with the product

78
Q

What does DAGMAR stand for

A

Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Results

79
Q

Stages DAGMAR suggests a customer should go through of understanding

A

Awareness
Comprehension (understanding the product/ the benefits of how it differs from competing products)
Conviction (becoming favourable towards the product/brand)
Action

80
Q

Step by step stages of DAGMAR

A

The business firstly needs to decide what the goals of the campaign are (not objectives). For example, inform customers of the benefits of a new product
The business ensures that the promotional campaign is planned with these goals in mind, so that the customer goes through the levels of understanding
The business measures the success against previously set criteria (likely objectives). For example, an increase in market share

81
Q

16/01/18

What is meant by service marketing

A

It concerns the marketing of a service. It is a standalone topic because the marketing will have to differ from that of a product, due to the intangible nature

82
Q

16/01/18

Explain the 3P’s/extended marketing mix

A

Process - systems and processes that deliver a product to a customer
People - the people who make contact with customers in delivering the product
Physical evidence - the elements of the physical environment the customer experiences

Business Studies AS (4 decks)

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