SBA Trigger Words Flashcards
Microcephalic, small eyes
Cleft lip/palate
Polydactyly
Scalp lesions
Patau’s syndrome - trisomy 13
Micrognathia
Low-set ears
Rocker bottom feet
Overlapping of fingers
Edwards syndrome - trisomy 18
Learning difficulties Macrocephaly Long face Large ears Macro-orchidism
Fragile X
Webbed neck
Pectus excavatum
Short stature
Pulmonary stenosis
Noonan’s syndrome
Micrognathia
Posterior displacement of the tongue (may result in upper airway obstruction)
Cleft palate
Pierre-Robin syndrome
Similar to Treacher-Collins syndrome
Hypotonia
Hypogonadism
Obesity
Prader-Willi syndrome
Short stature Learning difficulties Friendly, extrovert personality Transient neonatal hypercalcaemia Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Williams syndrome
Fever initially
Itchy, rash starting on head/trunk before spreading. Initially macular then papular then vesicular
Systemic upset is usually mild
Chickenpox
Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
Koplik spots: white spots (‘grain of salt’) on buccal mucosa
Rash: starts behind ears then to whole body, discrete maculopapular rash becoming blotchy & confluent
Measles
Fever, malaise, muscular pain
Parotitis (‘earache’, ‘pain on eating’): unilateral initially then becomes bilateral in 70%
Mumps
Rash: pink maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body, usually fades by the 3-5 day
Lymphadenopathy: suboccipital and postauricular
Rubella
Lethargy, fever, headache
‘Slapped-cheek’ rash spreading to proximal arms and extensor surfaces
Erythema Infectiosum
Also known as fifth disease or ‘slapped-cheek syndrome’
Caused by parvovirus B19
Fever, malaise, tonsillitis
‘Strawberry’ tongue
Rash - fine punctate erythema sparing face
Scarlet fever
Reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic streptococci
Mild systemic upset: sore throat, fever
Vesicles in the mouth and on the palms and soles of the feet
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Caused by the coxsackie A16 virus
abnormal tone early infancy
delayed motor milestones
abnormal gait
feeding difficulties
Cerebral palsy
Typically an erythematous nappy rash which involve the flexures and has characteristic satellite lesions
Candida dermatitis
erythematous nappy rash with flexural sparing is seen
Irritant dermatitis
Erythematous rash with flakes in infant. May be coexistent scalp rash
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
A less common cause of nappy rash characterised by an erythematous scaly rash also present elsewhere on the skin
Psoriasis
Softening of the cartilage of the patella
Common in teenage girls
Characteristically anterior knee pain on walking up and down stairs and rising from prolonged sitting
Usually responds to physiotherapy
Chondromalacia patellae
Seen in sporty teenagers
Pain, tenderness and swelling over the tibial tubercle
Gradual in onset and initially mild and intermittent, but may progress to become severe and continuous.
Relieved by rest and made worse by kneeling and activity, such as running or jumping.
Osgood-Schlatter disease
tibial apophysitis
Knee Pain after exercise
Intermittent swelling and locking
Osteochondritis dissecans
Medial knee pain due to lateral subluxation of the patella
Knee may give way
Patella subluxation
More common in athletic teenage boys
Chronic anterior knee pain that worsens after running
Tender below the patella on examination
Patella Tendonitis
age-related sensorineural hearing loss
Audiometry shows bilateral high-frequency hearing loss
Presbycusis
Onset is usually at 20-40 years - features include:
conductive deafness
tinnitus
tympanic membrane - 10% of patients may have a ‘flamingo tinge’, caused by hyperaemia
positive family history
Otosclerosis
Autosomal dominant, replacement of normal bone by vascular spongy bone.
More common in middle-aged adults
recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss (sensorineural). Vertigo is usually the prominent symptom
a sensation of aural fullness or pressure is now recognised as being common
other features include nystagmus and a positive Romberg test
episodes last minutes to hours
Ménière’s disease
Recent viral infection
Sudden onset
Nausea and vomiting
Hearing may be affected
Viral labyrinthitis
Recent viral infection
Recurrent vertigo attacks lasting hours or days
No hearing loss
Vestibular neuritis
Gradual onset
Triggered by change in head position
Each episode lasts 10-20 seconds
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
hearing loss, tinnitus and sensation of fullness or pressure in one or both ears
Ménière’s disease
Elderly patient
Dizziness on extension of neck
Vertebrobasilar ischaemia
Hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
Absent corneal reflex is important sign
Associated with neurofibromatosis type 2
Acoustic neuroma
