SB6 - Plant structures and their functions

Question 1

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen

Question 2

from what sugar do plants make starch?

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

what do plants use starch for?

Answer 3

to store for energy

Question 4

what process do plants use to release energy as they need it?

Answer 4

aerobic respiration

Question 5

what is biomass?

Answer 5

the materials in an organism

Question 6

why do animals need plant biomass?

Answer 6

animals cannot produce their own food so have to consume producers (organisms that produce their own food)

Question 7

how does a large surface area help photosynthesis?

Answer 7

provides large area for light to be absorbed

Question 8

how does chlorophyll help photosynthesis?

Answer 8

traps energy transferred by light

Question 9

how do stomata help photosynthesis?

Answer 9

allows gas exchange/carbon dioxide to get into the plant as it needs it.

Question 10

what does photosynthesis need that is transferred by light?

Answer 10

energy

Question 11

what are the 3 factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 11

light intensity, temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 12

why does photosynthesis work better at higher temperatures?

Answer 12

photosynthesis is a process that uses enzymes, which work better at higher temperatures

Question 13

what gas would you expect to be in the bubbles produced by a photosynthesis experiment?

Answer 13

oxygen

Question 14

what is a limiting factor?

Answer 14

a single factor which, in short supply, can limit the rate of a process such as photosynthesis

Question 15

what part of a root hair cell could be described as a semi-permeable membrane?

Answer 15

cell membrane

Question 16

by what process does water enter a root hair cell?

Answer 16

osmosis

Question 17

how does the shape of a root hair cell help osmosis occur?

Answer 17

it has a large surface area which speeds up water absorption

Question 18

which cells are responsible for carrying water out of the root and up the plant?

Answer 18

xylem

Question 19

what is the ion that is important for producing proteins?

Answer 19

nitrate ions

Question 20

why do nitrate ions have to be moved into a root hair by active transport?

Answer 20

nitrate ions are in greater concentration in the cell than in the soil so the cells have to use energy to transport the ions against the concentration gradient

Question 21

what is transported by transpiration?

Answer 21

water and dissolved minerals

Question 22

what is sucrose transported by?

Answer 22

translocation

Question 23

what cells are used to pump sucrose in phloem tissue?

Answer 23

companion cells

Question 24

are companion cells living or dead?

Answer 24

living

Question 25

what process drives translocation?

Answer 25

active transport

Question 26

what are two substances found in xylem that help to support the plant?

Answer 26

lignin and cellulose

Question 27

what is the equipment used to measure the rate of transpiration?

Answer 27

a potometer

Question 28

what is the relationship between wind speed and the rate of transpiration?

Answer 28

the higher the wind speed, the faster the rate of transpiration

Question 29

why is the rate of transpiration faster when the wind speed is higher?

Answer 29

the faster the water molecules are being moves away from the plant, the less time there is for the concentration gradient to be reduced.

Question 30

give a factor that causes a decrease in transpiration when the factor increases

Answer 30

humidity

Question 31

what causes water to move up the xylem on a sunny day?

Answer 31

the water evaporates from the leaves, pulling water up the xylem

Question 32

state a major sugar transported in translocation

Answer 32

sucrose

Question 33

how is a large surface area a plant adaption?

Answer 33

to collect enough light to aid photosynthesis

Question 34

how does carbon dioxide enter a leaf for photosynthesis?

Answer 34

it diffuses through the stomata

Question 35

why are the leaves being thin a good adaption for plants?

Answer 35

so that the diffusion path is small

Question 36

what causes space for air in the spongy mesophyll layer of a plant?

Answer 36

the cells are irregularly shaped to cause them to not fit exactly together, creating space for gases.

Question 37

what do epidermis cells do?

Answer 37

they form the outer layers of a leaf, holding them together and protecting the cells inside.

Question 38

why are epidermis cells transparent?

Answer 38

to allow light to pass through them

Question 39

why do broad-leaved trees loose their leaves in the winter?

Answer 39

to prevent water loss when they are frozen

Question 40

why do conifers leaves have a small surface area and a thick cuticle?

Answer 40

so that they are more wind resistant and do not catch snow

Question 41

why do conifers have their stomata in small pits?

Answer 41

so that water vapour can collect where it is not exposed to air movement

Question 42

what 3 gasses are exchanged through a leaf?

Answer 42

carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxygen

Question 43

why are stomata open during the day?

Answer 43

so that carbon dioxide can enter the leaf while there is light available for photosynthesis

Question 44

why do spongy cells create air spaces in a leaf?

Answer 44

to allow carbon dioxide to be stored for photosynthesis