SB5 - Health, Disease and the Development of Medicine ✓ Flashcards
SB5a - What are the three type of health?
- Physical well-being: Being free from disease, getting regular excersize, limiting harmful substance etc.
- Mental well-being: How you feel about yourself
- Social well-being: How well you get along with others
- M̶i̶n̶e̶c̶r̶a̶f̶t̶ ̶h̶e̶a̶l̶t̶h̶:̶ ̶R̶e̶g̶e̶n̶e̶r̶a̶t̶e̶s̶ ̶o̶v̶e̶r̶ ̶t̶i̶m̶e̶
SB5a - What is the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?
Communicable:
- Caused by pathogens (microorganisms athat cause disease)
- Can be spread between people
Non-communicable:
- Caused by problems in the body and by lifestyle choices
- Cannot be spread between people
SB5a - Why maya person be more likely to catch a disease if they’ve already got one?
- One disease damages the immune system, making it easier for other pathogens to cause disease
- A disease can damage the body’s natural physical and chemical defences making it easier for pathogens to get in
- A disease can stop an organ from functioning correctly, meaning other diseases are mroe likely to occur
SB5b - Define malnutrition.
A lack or excess of a specific nutrient in the body
SB5b - Describe the defficiency diseases associated with lack of:
- Protien
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D and/or Calcium
- Iron
- Kwashiorkor: enlarged belly, small muscles, failure to grow properly
- Scurvy: Swelling/bleeding gums, muscle/ joint pains and tiredness
- Rickets/Osteomalacia: Soft bones/cruved leg bones
- Anaemia: Less and smaller red blood cells, tiredness
SB5b - Why is ethanol (in alcohol) considered a drug and what disease can it lead to?
- It’s considered a drug because it changes the way in which the body works
- It can lead to liver cirrhosis which is a disease where the liver doesn’t function properly
SB5c - Why is an obese person at a higher risk of developing CVD?
Obese people are more likely to have more body fat. More body fat increases risk of CVD
SB5c - What is CVD?
Cardiovascular disease is a result of the circulatory system functioning poorly and can lead to many side effects including high blood pressure, heart pains and even heart attacks
SB5c - What is BMI and what are its pros and cons?
- A measure of weight relative to height calculated by mass ÷ height².
- Its good at being a a measurement and comparison between people helping identify if they’re over/underweight or obese etc.
- However it doesn’t take into account varying muscle and bone mass and so isn’t always an accurate way of assesing risk.
SB5c - Describe how smoking can lead to blood clots.
- Tabacco from smoking will damage artery linings.
- Fat (or plaque) can build up in the artery wall making the artery narrow.
- This will increase blood pressure
- Eventually, the fat will block the whole artery
- White blood cells will form a wall around this causing a clot leading to a heart attack or stroke
SB5c - Explain how a stent works.
- A stent is a small mesh inserted into the artery on a delfated balloon.
- Once in place, the balloon is inflated and the stent expands widening the artery
- The balloon is taken out but the stent stays in keeping the artery wide
SB5d - Describe and explain the causes, types of baceria, host organisms and symptoms associated with:
- Cholera
- Tubercolosis(TB)
- Chalera dieback
- Caused by vibrio cholera (bacteria). It’s hosts are animals/humans and it can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration
- Caused by mytobacterium tubercolosis (bacteria). It’s hosts are humans/animals. It damages lung tissue leading to coughing fever and tiredness
- Caused by the fungus chalara and affects trees/plants. Lesions on trunks and leaves die earlier than usual
SB5d - Describe and explain the causes, types of baceria, host organisms and symptoms associated with:
- Malaria
- Typhoid/dysentry
- Ulcers
- Caused by the plasmodium ptotist, it infects humans using moquitoes as a vector. Leads to fever weakness, sickness and lack of red blood/liver cells
- Caused by the salmonella typhi bacteria and infecting animals/humans causing severe diarrhea and dehydration
- Caused by the heliobacter pylori bacteria and infecting humans causing stomach ulcers
SB5d - Why are viruses not ‘true organisms’?
They don’t have a cellular structure and require hosts to survive
SB5d - Why are people with HIV likely to develop AIDS?
- HIV attacks the white blood cells in your immune system making it weak.
- Thus the immune system is inable to defend the body from secondary infections effectively
SB5f - Describe the lytic cycle.
- Attachment: The viral particle attache sitself to the host receptor cell
- Entry: Nucelic acid of the viruc moves across the membrane into the cell
- Replication: The virus uses the host’s DNA to replicate and synthesise new viral components
- Assembly: The new viral components are assembled into new viruses
- Release: Lysis of infected cell leads to release of fully assembled viral particles
SB5f - Describe the lysogenic cycle.
- Attachment: The viral particle attache sitself to the host receptor cell
- The Viral nuclei acids are incorporated into the DNA
- The cell continues to divide
- Replication: The virus uses the host’s DNA to replicate and synthesise new viral components
- Assembly: The new viral components are assembled into new viruses
- Release: Lysis of infected cell leads to release of fully assembled viral particles