SB5

Question 1

communicable diseases

Answer 1

• can be transferred between individuals
  -caused by a pathogen

Question 2

non communicable diseases

Answer 2

• can’t be transferred between individuals
  -cause comes from inside the body

Question 3

pathogen definition

Answer 3

organism which causes disease

Question 4

health definition

Answer 4

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 5

non communicable disease examples

Answer 5

stroke, cancer, diabetes, asthma

Question 6

communicable disease examples

Answer 6

HIV, malaria, STI’s, influenza

Question 7

virus

Answer 7

-very small
-move into cells and use biochemistry of it to make copies of itself
-cell bursts and releases copies into the bloodstream
-damage of cells causes person to feel ill

Question 8

bacteria

Answer 8

-small
-multiply very quickly by dividing (binary fission)
-produce toxins that damage cells

Question 9

fungi

Answer 9

-single celled or have body made of hyphae
-can produce spores which spread to other organisms

Question 10

protists

Answer 10

• some are parasitic (use humans and animals at their hosts)

Question 11

ways pathogens spread

Answer 11

-direct contact
-by water
-by air

Question 12

how to limit the spread of pathogens

Answer 12

-improve hygiene
-reduce contact with those infected
-remove vectors (pesticides or insecticides, or removing habitat)
-vaccination (injecting small amount of the disease)

Question 13

BMI calculation

Answer 13

mass (kg) / height (m)2

Question 14

cholera- type of pathogen and symptoms

Answer 14

bacterium, watery diarrhoea

Question 15

malaria- pathogen type and symptoms

Answer 15

protist. fever, chills, weak, sweating

Question 16

HIV/ AIDS pathogen type and symptoms

Answer 16

virus. no symptoms for a while, repeated infections

Question 17

ash die-back Chalara pathogen type and symptoms

Answer 17

fungus. leaf loss, bark damage, dieback on tree top

Question 18

malnutrition

Answer 18

occurs when someone eats too much or too little of a nutrient. can lead to deficiency diseases or obesity

Question 19

link between alcohol and liver disease

Answer 19

ethanol is poisonous to cells, when absorbed by the body it passes first to the gut to be broken down so liver cells are the most damaged

Question 20

cardiovascular disease treatments

Answer 20

-medication to reduce blood pressure
-stent fitted to widen artery
- heart by pass surgery, new blood vessel is inserted to bypass blocked arteries

Question 21

plants- physical barriers

Answer 21

bark, thick waxy coating, spikes, thorns

Question 22

plants- chemical defences

Answer 22

poisons to deter pests, chemicals that kill pathogens

Question 23

plant disease visible symptoms

Answer 23

overgrowth, underdevelopment, death of parts, change in appearance

Question 24

how can distribution analysis help identify a plant disease

Answer 24

-shows where they get affected
-shows how many get affected
-shows if it’s one species or multiple affected

Question 25

how STI’s are spread

Answer 25

unprotected sex, sharing needles,

Question 26

how to reduce STI. spread

Answer 26

use condom, sterilise needles, treat with antibiotics

Question 27

human physical barriers

Answer 27

skin, mucus,

Question 28

human chemical defences

Answer 28

lysosome- kills bacteria
hydrochloric acid in stack kills pathogens in food drink

Question 29

what does the immune system do

Answer 29

helps to protect the body by attacking pathogens