SB5 Flashcards
communicable diseases
- can be transferred between individuals
-caused by a pathogen
non communicable diseases
- can’t be transferred between individuals
-cause comes from inside the body
pathogen definition
organism which causes disease
health definition
a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
non communicable disease examples
stroke, cancer, diabetes, asthma
communicable disease examples
HIV, malaria, STI’s, influenza
virus
-very small
-move into cells and use biochemistry of it to make copies of itself
-cell bursts and releases copies into the bloodstream
-damage of cells causes person to feel ill
bacteria
-small
-multiply very quickly by dividing (binary fission)
-produce toxins that damage cells
fungi
-single celled or have body made of hyphae
-can produce spores which spread to other organisms
protists
- some are parasitic (use humans and animals at their hosts)
ways pathogens spread
-direct contact
-by water
-by air
how to limit the spread of pathogens
-improve hygiene
-reduce contact with those infected
-remove vectors (pesticides or insecticides, or removing habitat)
-vaccination (injecting small amount of the disease)
BMI calculation
mass (kg) / height (m)2
cholera- type of pathogen and symptoms
bacterium, watery diarrhoea
malaria- pathogen type and symptoms
protist. fever, chills, weak, sweating
HIV/ AIDS pathogen type and symptoms
virus. no symptoms for a while, repeated infections
ash die-back Chalara pathogen type and symptoms
fungus. leaf loss, bark damage, dieback on tree top
malnutrition
occurs when someone eats too much or too little of a nutrient. can lead to deficiency diseases or obesity
link between alcohol and liver disease
ethanol is poisonous to cells, when absorbed by the body it passes first to the gut to be broken down so liver cells are the most damaged
cardiovascular disease treatments
-medication to reduce blood pressure
-stent fitted to widen artery
- heart by pass surgery, new blood vessel is inserted to bypass blocked arteries
plants- physical barriers
bark, thick waxy coating, spikes, thorns
plants- chemical defences
poisons to deter pests, chemicals that kill pathogens
plant disease visible symptoms
overgrowth, underdevelopment, death of parts, change in appearance
how can distribution analysis help identify a plant disease
-shows where they get affected
-shows how many get affected
-shows if it’s one species or multiple affected
how STI’s are spread
unprotected sex, sharing needles,
how to reduce STI. spread
use condom, sterilise needles, treat with antibiotics
human physical barriers
skin, mucus,
human chemical defences
lysosome- kills bacteria
hydrochloric acid in stack kills pathogens in food drink
what does the immune system do
helps to protect the body by attacking pathogens
