SB4g: Genes In Agriculture And Medicine Keywords

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Most genes come in different versions, called alleles. So a gene for eye colour may have a version (allele) that can cause dark eyes and an allele that can cause pale eyes.

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

There are four called bases that help make up DNA, often shown by the letters A, C, G and T. Pairs of bases form ‘links’ between two ‘spines’ formed of phosphate groups and a type of sugar.

Question 3

Diabetes

Answer 3

Disease in which the body cannot control the blood glucose concentration at the correct level.

Question 4

Insulin

Answer 4

The hormone that decreases blood glucose concentration. Used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

Question 5

Ligase

Answer 5

An enzyme that joins two DNA molecules together.

Question 6

Plasmid

Answer 6

A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria.

Question 7

Recombinant DNA

Answer 7

DNA made by joining two sections of DNA together.

Question 8

Restriction enzyme

Answer 8

An enzyme that cuts DNA molecules into pieces.

Question 9

Sticky end

Answer 9

A short section of single-stranded DNA found at the end of a section of DNA that has been cut by a restriction enzyme.

Question 10

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 10

Type of diabetes in which the pancreas does not produce insulin.

Question 11

Vector

Answer 11

Anything that transfers material from one organism to another.