SB4d-i Flashcards
What was Carl Linnaeus’ classification system?
His classification system divided organisms into groups based on what they look like.
When did Carl Linnaeus publish his classification system?
1735
What did Linnaeus use to give each organism its binomial name?
The last 2 groups (genus and species)
What are the different taxonomic levels of the hierarchical systems of classification?
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What are the 3 domains?
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
Archaea
- Cells with no nucleus
- Genes contain unused sections of DNA
Bacteria
- Cells with no nucleus
- No unused sections in genes
Eukarya
*Cells with a nucleus
* Unused sections in genes
What are the 5 Kingdoms?
- Animals
- Plants
- Fungi
- Protists
- Prokaryotes
What are the main characteristics of animals?
- Multicellular (with cells arranged as tissues and organisms)
- Cells have a nuclei
- No cell walls
What are the main characteristics of plants?
- Multicellular (with cells arranged as tissues and organisms)
- Have chloroplasts for photosynthesis
- Cells have nuclei
- Cellulose cell walls
What are the main characteristics of fungi?
- Multicellular (apart from yeasts)
- Live in or on the dead matter on which they feed
- Cells have nuclei
- Cell walls contain chitin (not cellulous)
What are the main characteristics of protists?
- Mostly unicellular (a few are multicellular)
- Cells have nuclei
- Some cells have cell walls (made of different substances but not chittern)
What are the main characteristics of prokaryotes
- Unicellular
- Cells do not have a nuclei
- Flexible cell walls
Artificial selection
When humans choose certain organisms as they have useful characteristics, such as sheep with thick wool.
Why are plants and animals often selectively bred?
- Disease resistance
- Yield
- Coping with certain environmental conditions
- Fast growth
- Flavour
What does genetic engineering involve?
- Changing the DNA of 1 organism often by inserting genes from another. This creates genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
- Tissue culture
- The growing of cells or tissues in a liquid containing nutrients or on a solid medium (such as nutrient agar)
Plasmid
Small circles of DNA
What is used to cut a useful gene out of an organism’s DNA?
Restriction enzymes
What allows sticky ends to join together?
An enzyme called Ligase
What is a pest of maze?
The European corn borer whose caterpillars reduce the yield by over 10%
Biological control
Using organisms to control pests.
For example, weaver ants nests used by Chinese farmers work as a team to attack and kill large prey, such as cricket like insects
