SB3d: Protein Synthesis Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Codon

A

A set of three bases (a triplet) found in DNA and RNA. The genetic code is formed from patterns of codons.

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2
Q

Complementary

A

Means ‘fitting together’. Complementary bases in a DNA molecule fit together.

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3
Q

Genetic code

A

A set of rules defining how the base order in DNA or RNA is turned into a specific sequence of amino acids joined in a polypeptide chain.

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4
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

A single strand of RNA produced in transcription.

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5
Q

Nuclear pore

A

A small hole in the membrane around the nucleus.

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6
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids.

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7
Q

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

The molecule is made of phosphate groups and sugars (called ribose) linked together with one of four bases.

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8
Q

Ribosome

A

A protein that attaches to mRNA. It allows transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to match up with the mRNA codons and also joins the amino acids together.

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9
Q

RNA polymerase

A

An enzyme that creates mRNA from DNA.

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10
Q

Template strand

A

The strand of a DNA molecule that RNA polymerase uses to make mRNA.

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11
Q

Transcription

A

The process by which the genetic code in one strand of DNA molecules is used to make mRNA.

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12
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

A molecule of RNA that carries an amino acid.

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13
Q

Translation

A

The process by which the genetic code in a molecule of mRNA is used to make a polypeptide.

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14
Q

Uracil

A

A base found in RNA but not in DNA.

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