SB3 Genetics

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

Dna is the genetic information inside the cells of the body that helps make people who they are.

Question 2

What shape is a DNA molecule?

Answer 2

Double helix

Question 3

What part of a DNA strand contains the instructions for a protein?

Answer 3

Genes/genetics

Question 4

What are the letters of the bases that form the DNA code?

Answer 4

A(adonine)-T(thymine)
C(cytosine)-G(guanine)

Question 5

How do these bases pair up in DNA?

Answer 5

A-T
C-G

Question 6

Apart from bases, what other parts are needed in a DNA molecule?

Answer 6

Sugar and phosphate (used in a nucleotide)

Question 7

What is a nucleotide

Answer 7

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base

Question 8

What is one phosphate group, one sugar and one base called?

Answer 8

A nucleotide

Question 9

Why is DNA a polymer?

Answer 9

It is made up of repeating units of monomers

Question 10

Why are proteins polymers?

Answer 10

Proteins are polymers because they are made up of repeating chains of Amino acids which in this case act as a type of monomer.

Question 11

Give 3 examples of digestive enzymes.

Answer 11

Protease, Amylase, Lipase

Question 12

What is the Role of mRna in protein synthesis?

Answer 12

The role of mRNA is to carry protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm, where the protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into its corresponding amino acid in a growing protein chain

Question 13

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 13

Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. Transfer RNA serves as a link between the messenger mRNA molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that make up a protein.

Question 14

What is Polymerase in protein synthesis?

Answer 14

Polymerase is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules.

Question 15

What is a Codon in protein synthesis?

Answer 15

Each codon instructs the cell to start the creation of a protein chain, to add a specific amino acid to the growing protein chain, or to stop creation of the protein chain. A sequence of three consecutive bases in a tRNA molecule which specifically binds to a complementary codon sequence in mRNA is known an anticodon.

Question 16

Describe what Amino acids are in protein synthesis.

Answer 16

Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.

Question 17

What base does mRNA contain that DNA does not?

Answer 17

Uracil (U) which can join up with Adenine (A) instead of Thymine (T) in mRNA

Question 18

What is a mutation within DNA?

Answer 18

A mutation is where a change in the bases of a gene create a genetic variation, for example when DNA is not copied properly in a cell.

Question 19

Describe the function of an allele?

Answer 19

Alleles are different forms of the same gene which are located on the same part of the chromosome. Genes are made up of information needed to produce different proteins, so alleles carry information to produce different versions of the same protein. For example if capital B meant brown and lowercase b meant blue then Bb, BB would be brown eyes whilst bb would be blue eyes in a child.

Question 20

What is the definition of Homozygous?

Answer 20

If the two alleles of a gene are the same, we describe the individual as being homozygous(same)

Question 21

What is the definition of a heterozygous?

Answer 21

If the two alleles of a gene are different, we describe the individual as being heterozygous (different)

Question 22

Describe what it means if something has Phenotype characteristics

Answer 22

It means that they have observable characteristics, for example seen just by looking like eye color or found through testing like blood type, we call these organisms phenotype.

Question 23

What plant did Mendel use to study genetics?

Answer 23

Pea plants

Question 24

Mendel bred together 2 ‘‘pure bred’’ pea plants- one green and one yellow. What result did Mendel get in his first generation

Answer 24

All the peas were yellow