SB2a mitosis Flashcards
list the names and order of the stages of the cell cycle, including mitosis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
describe what happens in each stage of the cell cycle, including mitosis
interphase - ( DNA is spread out in long strings before it divides) preparation for mitosis ( cell grows and increased) in which extra cell parts are made and DNA chromosomes are replicated ( copied) to form x shaped chromosomes
mitosis - when one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
PROPHASE- Chromosomes condense ( shorter+fatter) membrane around the NUCLEUS BREAKS DOWN and the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm, spindle fibres start to form
METAPHASE- the chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell (spindle fibres fully form)
ANAPHASE-spindle fibres pull the chromosomes apart then the chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
TELOPHASE-a new membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form two nuclei
CYTOKINESIS- the two new cells fully seperate
describe why mitosis is important for an organism
growth
repair
asexual reproduction
explain why organisms may rely on asexual reproduction
asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical of their parent ( their cells have the same chromosomes as their parent)
- MUCH FASTER THAN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION BC ORGANISMS DON’T NEED OTHERS FOR REPRODUCTION
-AR doesn’t produce variation
describe how mitosis produces genetically identical, diploid cells
end of mitosis, the cell has produced TWO NEW DAUGHTER CELLS, each daughter cell contains exactly the SAME SET OF CHROMOSOMES in its nucleus as the other daughter cell
describe how cancer grows
the rate at which CELL DIVIDES by MITOSIS is UNCONTROLLABLE ( change in one or the gene that controls cell division ) this can result in a MASS OF ABNORMAL CELLS called a tumor if the tumor invades and destroys surrounding tissue it’s called cancer
