SB1b. PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Flashcards
aerobic respiration
A type of respiration in which oxygen is used to release energy from substances, such as glucose.
cell (surface) membrane
the membrane that controls what goes into and out of a cell. it is often called the cell surface membrane because eukaryotic cells contain other structures with membranes.
cell sap
liquid found in the permanent vacuole of a plant cell
cell wall
a tough layer of material around some cells, used for protection and support. it is stiff and made of cellulose in plant cells
chlorophyll
the green substance found inside chloroplasts. it traps energy transferred by light
chloroplasts
A green disc containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells. Where the plant makes glucose, using photosynthesis.
chromosome
A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule.
cytoplasm
The watery jelly inside a cell where the cell’s activities take place.
DNA
A substance that contains genetic information. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
eukaryotic
A cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are also said to be eukaryotic
field of view
The circle of light you see looking down a microscope
mitochondrion
A sub-cellular structure (organelle) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, where aerobic respiration occurs. Plural is mitochondria.
nucleus
The ‘control centre’ of a eukaryotic cell.
ribosome
Tiny sub-cellular structure that makes proteins.
scale bar
A line drawn on a magnified image that shows a certain distance at that magnification.
