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Biology > SB1 > Flashcards

SB1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eyepec lens

A

The part of the microscope you look down

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2
Q

Magnification

A

How much bigger something appears compared with its actual size

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3
Q

Objective lens

A

The part of the microscope that is closest to the specimen

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4
Q

Resolution

A

Smallest change that can be measured by an instrument e.g. the smallest distance between two points

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5
Q

Stain

A

A dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see

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6
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

A type of reparation in which oxygen is used to release energy from a substance e.g. glucose

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7
Q

Cell (surface) membrane

A

The membrane that controls what goes into and out of a cell

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8
Q

Cell sap

A

Liquid found n the permanent vacuole in a plant cell

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

A tough layer of material around some cells (plant cells) which is used for protection and support. It is made of cellulose in plant cells

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10
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green substance found in chloroplasts. I traps energy transferred by sunlight

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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A

A green disk containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells. Using photosynthesis makes glucose

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12
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure sound in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule.

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The watery jelly inside a cell where the cell’s activities take place

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14
Q

DNA

A

A substance that contains genetic information. SHort for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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15
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are also said to be eukaryotic.

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16
Q

Field of view

A

The circle of light you see looking down a microscope

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17
Q

Mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)

A

A sub-cellular structure (organelle) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, where aerobic respiration occurs.

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

The “control centre” of a eukaryotic cell

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19
Q

Ribosome

A

Tiny sub-cellular structure that makes proteins

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20
Q

Scale bar

A

A line drawn on a magnified image that shows a certain distance at that magnification

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21
Q

Scientific paper

A

An article written by a scientist about experiments and conclusions

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22
Q

(Permanent) Vacuole

A

Storage space in cells and helps to keep a plant rigid

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23
Q

Acrosome

A

The tip of the head of a sperm cell which contains enzymes

24
Q

Adaption/Adapted

A

The features that something has to do a certain job/Adapted to a function

25
Q

Ciliates epithelial cell

A

A cell that lines certain tubes of the body and has cilia on its surface

26
Q

Cillium

A

A small hair-like structure on the surface of some cells. Plural to cilia.

27
Q

Digestion

A

A process that breaks molecules into smaller, more soluble substances

28
Q

Diploid

A

Describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes

29
Q

Egg cell

A

THe female gamete (sex cell)

30
Q

Embryo

A

The tiny new life that grows by cell division from a fertilised egg cell (zygote)

31
Q

Enzyme

A

A substance that can speed up the process in living things (e.g. breaking down molecules)

32
Q

Epithelial cell

A

A cell found on the surfaces of parts of the body

33
Q

Fertilisation

A

Fusing a male gamete and female gamete

34
Q

Gamete

A

A cell used for sexual reproduction

35
Q

Haploid

A

Describes a cell that has one set of chromosomes

36
Q

Microvillus

A

A fold on the surface of a virus cell. These folds increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is microvilli.

37
Q

Oviduct

A

A tube that carries egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus of females. Fertilisation happens here

38
Q

Specialised cell

A

A cell that is adapted for a certain specific function (job)

39
Q

Sperm cell

A

The male gamete (sex cell)

40
Q

Chromosomal DNA

A

DNA found in chromosomes but the term is often used to describe the large loop of DNA found in bacteria

41
Q

DNA

A

A substance that contains genetic information. Shout for deoxyribonucleic acid.

42
Q

Flagellum

A

A tail-like structure that rotates,allowing a unicellular organism to move.

43
Q

Plasmid

A

A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria

44
Q

Plasmid DNA

A

DNA found in plasmids

45
Q

Prokaryotic

A

A cell with no nucleus such as bacteria

46
Q

Biological catalyst

A

A substance found in living organisms that speeds up reactions (an enzyme)

47
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction, without itself being used up.

48
Q

Digest

A

To break up large molecules into smaller subunits. Particularly in the digestive system

49
Q

Monomer

A

A small molecule that can join with other molecules like itself to form a polymer

50
Q

Polymer

A

A substance made up of very long molecules containing repeating groups of atoms. Formed by joining monomers together.

51
Q

Product

A

A substance formed in a reaction

52
Q

Substrate

A

A substance that is changed during a reaction

53
Q

Synthesis

A

To build a large molecule from smaller subunits

54
Q

Benedict’s solution

A

A bright blue chemical reagent that turns orange or red when warmed with a solution of reducing sugars

55
Q

Biuret test

A

A test that uses

Biology (1 decks)

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