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Biology > SB1 > Flashcards

SB1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the sub cellular structures of an animal cell

A

Ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm and cell membrane

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2
Q

What are the sub cellular structures of a plant cell

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuole, ribosomes, cytoplasm and chloroplasts

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3
Q

What does a nucleus do

A

Controls the activities of the cell

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4
Q

What does the cell membrane do

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell and holds the cell together

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5
Q

What does the cell wall do

A

Supports the cell and strengthens it

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6
Q

What does the mitochondria do

A

It is where respiration happens

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7
Q

What does the vacuole do

A

Maintains internal pressure to support the cell

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8
Q

What do ribosomes do

A

Involved in translation of genetic material in synthesis of proteins

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9
Q

What do cytoplasm do

A

Controls most of chemical reactions

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10
Q

What do chloroplasts do

A

It’s where photosynthesis happens

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11
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

A

Vacuole, cell wall, choloroplasts

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12
Q

What’s in a bacterial cell

A

Chromosomal DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, plasmid DNA, flagellum

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13
Q

What does chromosomal DNA do

A

Controls the cells activities and replication. It floats free. Not a nucleus

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14
Q

What does plasmid DNA do

A

Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmid contains genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between bacteria.

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15
Q

What does the flagellum do

A

Long hair like structure that rotates to makes the bacterium move. Used to move bacteria away from harmful substances like toxins and towards beneficial things like nutrients and oxygen.

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16
Q

What do eukaryotic cells have

A

A true nucleus e.g animal and plant cells

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17
Q

What don’t prokaryotic cells have

A

A nucleus e.g bacteria cells

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18
Q

Name 5 specialised cells

A

Egg cell, sperm cell, red blood cell, white blood cell, ciliated epithelical cell, microvili (small intestine)

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19
Q

What does the egg cell do

A

Carry’s the female DNA and it nourishes the developing embryo

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20
Q

How is the egg cell adapted to its function

A

Contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo, after fertilisation it changes structure to stop more sperm.

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21
Q

What does the egg cell look like

A

Nucleus in the middle, jelly coat round the outside and cytoplasm has a lot of nutrients

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22
Q

What is the function of the sperm cell

A

Transports the male’s DNA to the females egg

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23
Q

How is the sperm cell adapted to its function

A

Long tail to swim, lots of mitochondria for energy and has achromosomes in the head to store enzymes

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24
Q

What does the sperm cell look like

A

Tail at the end. Nucleus in the head. Acromosome in the front of the head

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25
Q

What is the function of the ciliated epithilical cell

A

To move substances

26
Q

How is the ciliated epithilical cell adapted to its function

A

Has cilia on the top of the cell which helps move the substance

27
Q

What die stud ciliated epithilical cell look like

A

Cilia on the top. Nucleus in the middle of each section

28
Q

What is the function of the microvilli

A

To absorb small food

29
Q

How is microvilli adapted to its function

A

Membrane switch many tiny folds. Increased surface area

30
Q

What does the microvilli look like

A

Has 3 sections with a lot of mitochondria in

31
Q

What’s resolution

A

Ability of the microscope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together

32
Q

What’s magnification

A

Ratio of the size of an image to the size of an object

33
Q

What mm

A

Millimetres

34
Q

What’s um

A

Micrometer

35
Q

What’s nm

A

Manometer

36
Q

What’s pm

A

Picometer

37
Q

What’s mm in standard form

A

-3

X10

38
Q

Whats micrometer in standard form

A

-6

X 10

39
Q

What’s nanometer in standard form

A

-9

X10

40
Q

What’s picometer in standard form

A

-12

X10

41
Q

What’s standard form used for

A

Used to shorten numbers

42
Q

How do u work out magnification

A

Image size
Magnification = —————-
Actual size

43
Q

How do you work out the actual size

A

Image size
Actual size = —————
Magnification

44
Q

How work out the image size

A

Actual size x magnification

45
Q

How do you test for starch

A

Put starch in a test tube
Ad iodine
If it goes blue/ Black it’s positive if orange its negative

46
Q

How test for glucose

A 
Put glucose in a test tube
Add some drops of Benedict’s solution
Heat the solution in a beaker of hot water
If positive it goes G -Y-O-R
If negative stays blue
47
Q

What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

A

Amylase

48
Q

How do carbohydrates break down into glucose

A

Amylase cuts the bonds of the carbohydrates to make glucose

49
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A molecule which speeds up chemical reactions

50
Q

What are globular catalysts

A

Enzymes which act as a catalyst by lowering activation energy

51
Q

What’s a lock and key hypothesis

A

Every enzyme has a specific substrate that fits into the active site.

52
Q

What the active site

A

Where the substrate binds with the enzyme and undergoes a chemical reaction

53
Q

What’s an enzyme substrate complex

A

When the enzyme and substrate form

54
Q

What happens to the substrate after the enzyme substrate complex is formed

A

It splits in half

55
Q

What’s most enzymes optimum temperature

A

40 degrees c

56
Q

What’s mostenzymes optimum ph

A

7 but pepsin has an optimum pH of 2

57
Q

What are catabolic enzymes

A

Breaker enzymes - split up large molecules into smaller ones

58
Q

What are anabolic enzymes

A

Builder enzymes - join small molecules together to make larger ones

59
Q

What’s diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from a high concentration of molecules to a low concentration

60
Q

What’s osmosis

A

Molecules from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated solution

61
Q

What’s active transport

A

Movement of particles against a concentration gradient

Biology (3 decks)

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