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sb Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism in letters

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2
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical trait inherited from gene

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3
Q

Segregation

A

The separation of allele pairs (different traits of the same gene) during meiosis so that each parents offspring has one factor

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4
Q

Allele

A

One version of a gene

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5
Q

Homologous

A

Pair of chromosomes that are similar, but not identical

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6
Q

Haploid

A

Body

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7
Q

Diploid

A

Sex

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8
Q

Monozygotic twins

A
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9
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A
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10
Q

Dominant but less common genes

A

cleft chins- Dominant, Dimples- dominant, Hitchhikers thumb-dominant

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11
Q

Karyotype

A

Full set of chromosomes, 23rd is sex

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12
Q

Down syndrome

A

(trisomy 21) or (47,#21)- 1/600 chance- Flat nose, slanted eyes, Excess neck skin, DD, LD

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13
Q

Kleinfelter syndrome

A

(47, XXY)- 1/500- Less facial hair, overweight, fat tissue, Avg intell

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14
Q

Turner syndrome

A

(45, X)- 1/2000, short, webbed neck, low set eyes, swelling, avg intell

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15
Q

Jacobs (supermale)

A

(47, XYY) 1/1000 Low muscle tone, tall, acne, DD, LD

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16
Q

Edwards syndrome

A

(Trisomy 18) or (47, #18) 1/8000- most miscarry, deformed skull, neck, jaw, cleft palette, clubbed feet

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17
Q

Triple X (superfemale)

A

1/1000- tall, wide eyes, seizures- DD LD

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18
Q

Trisomy 13 (patau syndrome)

A

(47, #13) 1/16000 underdeveloped eyes, extra fingers and toes, weak muscle tone

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19
Q

Cri-du-chat

A

(5p deletion syndrome) or (46, #5) 1/50000 small head, cleft palette, cat like cry, low set eyes, M-Severe

20
Q

Maple Syrup urine disease

A

in Amish communities and causes urine to be thicker, and is an inability to process amino acids

21
Q

Autosomal recessive disorders

A

Inherited from both parents, and shows up in child

22
Q

Meiosis

A

Process of cell division

23
Q

Meiosis 1

A

Cells doubled but chromosomes not

24
Q

Meiosis 2

A

Number of chromosomes isnt reduced

25
Q

Mitosis

A

Diploid, 4 daughter identical diploid cells, body cells

26
Q

Meiosis

A

Diploid, 4 sperm, 1 egg, daughter cells are haploid, not identical to each other or parent, sex cells

27
Q

What are polar bodies? How many?

A

Biproduct of oocyte meitotic division-3

28
Q

Gametogenesis

A

When cells undergo meiosis

29
Q

oogenesis

A

formation of eggs

30
Q

spermatogenesis

A

formation of sperm

30
Q

What happens to egg and sperm when a child reaches puberty

A

An egg is released every month and sperm and egg goes through meiosis

31
Q

Father of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel- pea plants

32
Q

How did mendel set up his experiments

A

Had an OG P generation, crossed them based on traits and created F2 gen

33
Q

True breeding

A

Organisms that are homozygous for genes

34
Q

Law of dominance

A

Dominant genes are expressed when one is present

35
Q

Law of independant assortment

A

the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another

36
Q

Dihybrid story problems

A

Use Foil, line up, combine genotypes, determine phenotypes

37
Q

Why is o- the universal donor

A

has no antigens

38
Q

Why is AB+ the universal recipient

A

has no antibodies

39
Q

What is rH incompatibility called

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

40
Q

X linked disorders

A

inherited through a defective x chromosome

41
Q

Cons of CRISPR

A

potential for off target gene editing

42
Q

Antigens

A

A-A B-B AB-AB O-None

43
Q

Antibodies

A

A-B B-A O-AB AB- None

44
Q

Blood types can give to

A

If positive- every positive type with theirs in it If neg- every type with theirs in it

45
Q

Blood types can recieve

A

Positive- Their own pos or neg plus O pos and neg Negative- Their own, no pos plus O-, AB- everyone

biology (6 decks)

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