Saxon 8/7 Flashcards
Ellipsis
Three dots(…) mean that the list is infinite or goes on without and
Counting numbers
Or natural numbers
The numbers we say when we count
{1,2,3,4,5,…}
{ }
These symbols are called braces. One use of braces is to designate a set.
Whole numbers
Including zero with the set of counting numbers forms the set of whole numbers.
{0,1,2,3,4…}
The set of whole numbers does not include any numbers less than zero, between zero and one, or between any consecutive counting numbers.
The four fundamental operations of arithmetic
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
Addends
The numbers in an addition problem that are added together
Sum
The answer to an addition problem
Subtrahend
The number in a subtraction problem being subtracted
Minuend
The number in a subtraction problem being subtracted from.
Minuend-subtrahend=difference
Difference
The result of a subtraction problem
Product
The result of a multiplication problem
Factor
1) The numbers in a multiplication problem that are being multiplied together
2) a whole number that divides another whole number without a remainder.
3) to write as a product of factors. We can factors the number 6 by writing it as 2 x 3.
Ways to indicate multiplication
4 x 5
4 · 5
4(5)
ab
Dividend
The number being divided
Divisor
The number being used to divide
Quotient
The result of a division problem
Ways to indicate division
Division sign ( ÷ ) Division box ( ) Division bar ( - )
Variable
Letters used to represent numbers in formulas and expressions
Evaluate
We evaluate an expression by calculating its value when the variables are assigned specific numbers
Fact family
A group of three numbers related by addition and subtraction for by multiplication and division. Four mathematical fact statements can be formed using the numbers in a fact family.
The numbers 3, 4, and 7 are a fact family they make these four facts:
3+4=7, 4+3 = 7, 7-3 = 4, 7-4 = 3
Identity property of addition
States that when zero is added to a given number, the sum is equal to the given number.
a +0 = a
Commutative property of addition and multiplication
a+b=b+a, a x b=b x a
Changing the order of addends or factors does not change the sum.
Identity property of multiplication
States that when a given number is multiplied by 1 the result equals the given number.
a x 1 = a
Inverse operations
Operations that “undo” one another. Addition and subtraction or multiplication and division.
The property of zero for multiplication
States that when he number is multiplied by zero the product is zero
Perfect square
When we multiply a counting number by itself the product is a perfect square
associative property of addition or multiplication
States that the grouping of addends or factors does not change the sum or product.
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
(A x B) x C = A x (B x C)
Number line
A line for representing and graphing numbers each point on the line corresponds to a number
Equation
A statement that uses the symbol “=” to show that two quantities are equal
Origin
The zero point on a number line
Positive numbers
Numbers to the right of the origin. Greater than zero
Negative numbers
Numbers to the left of the origin. Less than zero
Integers
Include all of the counting numbers as well as their opposites (their negatives) and the number zero
Comparison symbol
Greater than (>) Less than (<) Equal to (=)
Factors of a number
The whole numbers that divide the number without the remainder
Place value
The value of a digit based on its position within a number.
Common factor
Factors that two numbers have in common
Greatest common factor
The largest factor that two numbers have in common
Line
A straight collection of points extending in opposite directions without end.
Divisible
Able to be divided by another whole number with no remainder
Plane
A flat surface that has no boundaries. the flat surface of a desk is part of a plane.
Geometry
A major branch of mathematics that deals with shapes, sizes, and other properties of figures. Some figures we study in geometry are angles, circles, and polygons.
Ray
A part of a line that begins at a point and continues without end in one direction.
Segment
A part of a line with two distinct endpoints.
Intersect
To share a common point or points.
Parallel lines
Lines in the same plane that do not intersect
Perpendicular
Two lines that intersect at right angles
Angle
The opening that is formed when two lines, rays or segments intersect
Oblique
1) A line that is neither horizontal or vertical.
2) lines in the same plane that are neither parallel nor perpendicular
Vertex
A point of an angle, polygon, or polyhedron where 2 or more lines, rays, or segments meet. Plural is vertices
Right angle
An angle that forms a square corner and measures 90°. It is often Marked with a small square
Acute angle
An angle whose measure is between 0° and 90°. An acute angle is smaller than both a right angle and an obtuse
Straight angle
An angle that measures 180° and thus forms a straight line
Obtuse angle
An angle whose measure is between 90° and 180°. An obtuse angle is larger than both a right angle an acute angle.
Fraction
A number that names part of the whole.
Percent
A fraction was denominator of 100 is expressed as a percent sign. %
Mixed number
A whole number and a fraction together
Reciprocal
The result of inverting a fraction.
The product of a fraction and it’s reciprocal
Always 1
Invert
To switch the numerator and denominator of a fraction
Improper fraction
A fraction with a numerator equal to or greater than the denominator
