Saunders Peds Flashcards
vaccines derived from MO’s or viruses; their virulence has been weakened as a result of passage through another host.
Attenuated vaccine
the sound made by forced expiration, which is the body’s attempt to improve oxygenation when hypoxemia is present
grunting
vaccines that contain killed MO’s
inactivated vaccines
a widening of the nares to enable an infant or child to take in oxygen; a serious indication of air hunger
nasal flaring
a form of acquired immunity that occurs artificially through injection or is acquired naturally as the result of antibody transfer through the placenta to a fetus or through colostrum to an infant; is not permanent and does not last as long as active immunity
passive immunity
pertaining to early symptoms that mark the onset of a disease
prodromal
indicates respiratory difficulty
retractions
movement of blood or body fluid through an abnormal anatomical or surgically created opening
shunt
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) major goals of management
the major goals of management are to relieve pruritus, lubricate the skin, reduce inflammation, and prevent or control secondary infections.
assessment of eczema
weeping, oozing, and crusting of lesions
Eczema interventions
avoid irritants (detergents, harsh soaps)
bath not more than once daily in tepid water
apply cool, wet compress
antihistamines and steriods
A child with an integumentary disorder needs to be monitored for signs of:
skin infection or systemic infection
Impetigo
a contagious bacterial infection of the skin caused by beta hemolytic strep or staph and occurs most commonly during hot, humid months: honey-colored crusts with ulcerated bases usually on face. institute contact isolotion
Why dont you use Lindane, an alternative product to kill scabies, in children younger than 2 years old?
risk of neurotoxicity and seizures; use permethrin instead
How do you apply permethrin?
apply at least 30 mins after bathing, massage into ALL skin surfaces (except eyes and mouth). leave on skin 8-14 hours, wash off, a repeat tx may be needed
What is parent teaching assoc with scabies?
tell parents to change infected linens DAILY, washed in hot water, dried in hot dryer, and ironed before reuse
Priority Nursing Actions: Major pediatric burn injury
stop the burning process (smother flames)
assess the ABC’s
resuscitation if not breathing
remove burned clothing and jewelry
cover wound with a clean cloth (prevents contamination, relieves pain, and prevents hypothermia)
transport the child to the ED (keep child warm during transport)
why do lower burn temps and shorter exposure to heat cause a more severe burn in a child vs adult?
children’s skin is thinner
Which burns require fluid resuscitation?
burns involving more than 10% of total body surface area require some form of fluid resuscitation in the first 24 hours bc of the fluid shifts that occur as a result of the injury; cystalloids first, then colloids (albumin, Plasma-Lyte, or FFP) are useful in maintaining plasma volume
Do you use the rule of 9’s when estmiating extent of burn in children?
NO! in a pediatric client, the extent of the burn is expressed as a percentage of the TBSA using age-related charts
How do you determine accuracy of fluid resuscitation r/t burn in pediatrics?
VS (esp HR), urine output, adequacy of cap filling, and sensorium status are assessed
assessment indicating scabies
fine, grayish red, threadlike lines
clusters of fluid filled vescicles
herpesvirus infection
situations that precipitate sickle cell crisis (where HbA is replaced with HbS)
fever, dehydration, emotional or physical stress