Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURSING > Saunders-Endo > Flashcards

Saunders-Endo Flashcards

1
Q

portion of the diencephalon of the brain, forming the floor and part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

activate, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine processes, and many somatic functions, such as body temperature, sleep and appetite

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

master gland

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

located at the base of the brain

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

influenced by the hypothalamus; directly affects the function of the other endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

promotes growth of body tissue, influences water absorption by the kidney, and controls sexual development and function

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endocrine glands

A

adrenal
hypothalamus
ovaries
pancreas
parathyroid
pituitary
testes
thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

risk factors for endocrine problems

A

age
poor diet
heredity
congenital factors
trauma
environmental factors
consequence of other health problems or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypothalamus hormones

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
growth hormone-releasing hormone
melanocyte-inhibiting hormone
prolactin-inhibiting hormone
thyrotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

anterior pituitary gland hormones

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
growth hormone
luteinizing hormone
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
prolactin
somatotropic growth-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

posterior pituitary gland hormones

A

oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

regulates sodium and electrolyte balance; affects carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism; influences the development of sexual characteristics; and sustains the fight-or-flight response

A

adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

outer shell of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synthesizes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids and secretes small amounts of sex hormones

A

adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

inner core of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

works as part of the sympathetic nervous system and produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

located in the anterior part of the neck

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

controls the rate of body metabolism and growth and produces thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrocalcitonin

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

responsible for glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, fluid and electrolyte balance, suppression of the inflammatory response to injury, protective immune response to invasion by infectious agents, and resistance to stress

A

glucocorticoids: cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

regulation of electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion

A

mineralocorticoids: aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

located on the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

control calcium and phosphorus metabolism; produce parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

located posteriorly to the stomach

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

influences carbohydrate metabolism, indirectly influences fat and protein metabolism, and produces insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

located in the pelvic cavity and produce estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries and testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

located in the scrotum, control the development of the secondary sex characteristics, and produce testosterone

A

testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

regulates hormone secretion by the hypothalamus nd pituitary gland

A

negative-feedback loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

increased amounts of target gland hormones in the bloodstream decrease secretion of the same hormone an other hormones that stimulate its release

A

negative-feedback loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

in the client with suspected underactivity of an endocrine gland, a stimulus may be provided to determine whether the gland is capable of normal hormone production

A

stimulation tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

measured amounts of selected hormones or substances are administered to stimulate the target gland to produce its hormone

A

stimulation tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hormone levels produced by the target gland are measured

A

stimulation tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

failure of the hormone level to increase with stimulation indicates hypofunction

A

stimulation tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

test used when hormone levels are high or in the upper range of normal

A

suppression tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

why are agents that normally induce a suppressed response administered during suppression tests?

A

to determine whether normal negative feedback is intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what does a failure of hormone production to be suppressed during standardized testing indicate?

A

hyperfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

it is used to distingush between cushing’s syndrome and cushing’s disease

A

overnight dexamethasone suppression test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the source of excess cortisol in cushing’s disease?

A

the source of excess cortisol is the pituitary gland rather than the adrenal cortex or exogenous corticosteroid administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

it is a potent long-acting corticosteroid given at bedtime that should suppress the morning cortisol in clients without cushing’s disease by suppressing AcTH production

A

dexamethasone

39
Q

this thyroid function test measures the absorption of an iodine isotope to determine how the thyroid gland is functioning

A

radioactive iodine uptake

42
Q

a small dose of radioactive iodine is given by mouth or intravenously

A

radioactive iodine uptake

43
Q

in radioactive iodine uptake, the amount of radioactivity is measured in how many hours?

A

2 to 4 hours and again at 24 hours

44
Q

radioactive iodine uptake:
what are the normal values for the amount of radioactivity at 2 to 4 hours?

A

3% to 19% at 2 to 4 hours

45
Q

radioactive iodine uptake:
what are the normal values for the amount of radioactivity in 24 hours?

A

11% to 30% in 24 hours

46
Q

what does an elevated value of radioactive iodine indicate?

A

hyperthyroidism
decreased iodine intake
increased iodine excretion

47
Q

what does a decreased value of radioactive iodine indicate?

A

low T4 level
the use of antithyroid medications
thyroiditis
myxedema
hypothyroidism

48
Q

contraindication of radioactive iodine uptake test

49
Q

these blood tests are used to diagnose thyroid disorders

A

T3 and T4 resin uptake test

50
Q

these hormones regulate thyroid-stimulating hormone

51
Q

normal values for Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

total T3: 110.4 to 337.7 ng/dL (1.7 to 5.2 pmol/L)

52
Q

normal values for Thyroxine (T4)

A

total T4: 5 to 12 mcg/dL (64 to 154 nmol/L)

53
Q

normal values for Thyroxine, free (FT4)

A

0.8 to 2.8 ng/dL (10 to 36 pmol/L)

54
Q

is T4 level elevated in hyperthyroidism?

55
Q

is T4 level decreased in hypothyroidism?

56
Q

normal value for thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

0.5 to 5.0 mIU/L

57
Q

what does an elevated value of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?

A

primary hypothyroidism

58
Q

what does a decreased value of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate?

A

hyperthyroidism or secondary hypothyroidism

59
Q

it is performed to identify nodules or growths in the thyroid gland

A

thyroid scan

60
Q

in thyroid scan, what is administered first before scanning the thyroid gland?

A

radioisotope of iodine or technetium

61
Q

is the level of radioactive medication dangerous to the client or not?

A

reassure the client that the level of radioactive medication is not dangerous to self or others

62
Q

why do you need to determine whether the client has received radiographic contrast agents within the past 3 months prior to thyroid scan?

A

these may invalidate the scan

63
Q

blood glucose bound to hemoglobin

A

HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin A)

64
Q

a refletion of how well blood glucose levels have been controlled for the past 90 days

A

HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin A)

65
Q

is fasting required in HbA1c?

A

not required

66
Q

normal reference intervals for HbA1c

A

<6% (adult without diabetes)

67
Q

diagnostic tests for pheochromocytoma

A

24-hour urine collection for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

68
Q

normal range of urinary catecholamines (epinephrine)

A

epinephrine: less than 20 mcg/day (less than 109 nmol/day)

69
Q

normal range of urinary catecholamines (norepinephrine)

A

norepinephrine: less than 100 mcg/day (less than 590 nmol/day)

70
Q

hyposecretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones caused by tumors, trauma, encephalitis, autoimmunity, or stroke

A

hypopituitarism

72
Q

what hormones are most often affected in hypopituitarism?

A

hormones most often affected are growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropic hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), but thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be involved

73
Q

hypersecretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland in an adult; caused primarily by pituitary tumors

A

hyperpituitarism (acromegaly)

74
Q

assessment of patient with hyperpituitarism (acromegaly)

A

a. large hands and feet
b. thickening and protrusion of the jaw
c. arthritic changes and joint pain, impingement syndromes
d. visual disturbances
e. diaphoresis
f. oily, rough skin
g. organomegaly
h. hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiomegaly, heart failure
i. dysphagia
j. deepening of the voice
k. thickening of the tongue, narrowing of the airway, sleep apnea
l. hyperglycemia
m. colon polyps, increased colon cancer risk

75
Q

nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism

A

provide pharmacological interventions to suppress GH or to block the action of GH

76
Q

nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism

A

prepare the client for radiation of the pituitary gland or for stereotactic radiosurgery if prescribed

77
Q

nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism

A

prepare the client for hypophysectomy if planned

78
Q

nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism

A

provide pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for joint pain

79
Q

nursing intervention for hyperpituitarism

A

provide emotional support to the client and family, and encourage the client and family to express feelings related to disturbed body image

80
Q

removal of a pituitary tumor via craniotomy or a sublabial transsphenoidal (endoscopic transnasal) approach

A

hypophysectomy (pituitary adenectomy, sublabial transsphenoidal pituitary surgery)

81
Q

complications for craniotomy

A

increased ICP
bleeding
meningitis
hypopituitarism

82
Q

complications for the sublabial transsphenoidal surgery

A

cerebrospinal fluid leak
infection
diabetes insipidus
hypopituitarism

83
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

monitor vital signs, neurological status, and level of consciousness

84
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

elevate the head of the bed

85
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

monitor for increased ICP

86
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

instruct the client to avoid sneezing, coughing, and blowing the nose

87
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

monitor for bleeding

88
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

monitor for and report signs of temporary diabetes insipidus; monitor intake and output, and report excessive urinary output

89
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

if the entire pituitary is removed, clients will require lifelong replacement of ADH, cortisol, and thyroid hormone

90
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

monitor for and report signs of infection and meningitis

91
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

administer antibiotics, analgesics, and antipyretics as prescribed

92
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

perform oral care, which may include mouth rinses, every 4 hours. clients may be instructed to avoid using a toothbrush or to brush teeth gently with an ultrasoft toothbrush for 10 days to 2 weeks after surgery

93
Q

postoperative interventions after hypophysectomy

A

following transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, monitor for and report postnasal drip or clear nasal drainage, which might indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak. clear drainage should be checked for glucose

NURSING (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions