SAT II BIOLOGY E

Question 1

mycorrhizae

Answer 1

• symbiotic structure consisting of the plant’s roots and the filaments of a fungus
• increases the quantity of nutrients that a plant can absorb

Question 2

xylem

Answer 2

-vessels in plants that carry water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of the plant

Question 3

symbionts

Answer 3

• organism that is very closely associated with a larger organism

Question 4

flame cell

Answer 4

• a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates
• functions like a kidney

Question 5

cambium

Answer 5

• a cellular plant tissue from which phloem, xylem, or cork grows by division
• results in secondary thickening

Question 6

phloem

Answer 6

-vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves

Question 7

meristem tissue

Answer 7

-plant tissue that is always dividing

Question 8

typhlosol

Answer 8

• an internal fold of the intestine or intestine inner wall

- occur in bivalve mollusks, lampreys, annelids and echinoderms

Question 9

setae

Answer 9

-stiff hair, bristle, or bristlelike part on an organism

Question 10

hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 10

-a structure found in many soft-bodied animals consisting of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles

Question 11

pseudopods

Answer 11

• a temporary protrusion of the surface of an amoeboid cell

- used for movement and feeding

Question 12

chlorfluorocarbons

Answer 12

• typically gases used in refrigerants and aerosol propellants
• harmful to the ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere

Question 13

radial symmetry

Answer 13

• symmetry around a central axis

- e.g. starfish or tulip

Question 14

triploblastic

Answer 14

• having a body derived from three embryonic cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)
• all multicellular animals except sponges and coelenterates

Question 15

auxin

Answer 15

-a plant hormone that causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth

Question 16

tropism

Answer 16

-the turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus

Question 17

apical dominance

Answer 17

-the main, central stem of the plant is dominant over other side stems

Question 18

islets of langerhans

Answer 18

-groups of pancreatic cells secreting insulin and glucagon

Question 19

hypothalamus

Answer 19

-major gland in the brain that is the bridge between the endocrine and nervous systems

Question 20

plasmolysis

Answer 20

-cell shrinking occurs when the cell is in a hypertonic environment

Question 21

turgor

Answer 21

-pressure extended when a plant cell swells

Question 22

lysis

Answer 22

-disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane

Question 23

mutualism

Answer 23

-symbiotic relationships where both organisms benefit