SAT GRAMMAR Flashcards
What are three types of transitions used in writing?
- Addition (e.g., “furthermore,” “also”)
- Contrast (e.g., “however,” “on the other hand”)
- Cause and effect (e.g., “therefore,” “as a result”)
How can you determine the best transition to use in a sentence?
Consider the relationship between the ideas—whether they add information, contrast, or show cause and effect.
What does the “specific focus” rule emphasize in grammar questions?
Ensure that the sentence stays relevant to the main idea or topic without introducing unrelated information.
When should a semicolon be used?
To join two closely related independent clauses without a conjunction or to separate complex items in a list.
What is the primary function of a colon?
To introduce a list, explanation, or clarification.
What are the eight parts of speech?
Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, interjection.
What is the difference between a sentence and a fragment?
A sentence has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. A fragment is missing one of these elements.
How do you properly join two independent clauses?
Use a comma with a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), a semicolon, or a colon for emphasis.
How can you tell if a clause is non-essential?
A non-essential clause can be removed without changing the sentence’s core meaning and is set off by commas.
When should you NOT use a comma?
Do not use a comma between a subject and verb or before “because” unless needed for clarity.
How do you form possessives with singular and plural nouns?
Singular: Add ‘s (e.g., the cat’s toy)
Plural: Add only ‘ if the noun already ends in s (e.g., the cats’ toys).
Where does a question mark go in relation to quotation marks?
Inside the quotation marks if it is part of the quote, outside if it applies to the whole sentence.
What is subject-verb agreement?
A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.
What is a pronoun-antecedent agreement?
A pronoun must agree in number and gender with its antecedent (the noun it replaces).
What is a dangling modifier?
A word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence.
What is parallel structure?
Using the same grammatical form for related ideas (e.g., “She likes running, swimming, and biking”).
How do you properly compare two things?
Use “more” or “-er” for two items (e.g., “better”), and “most” or “-est” for three or more.
