SAT Chemistry - Equilibrium Flashcards
Define:
The Law of Mass Action
Rate of reaction ∝ ∏ [reactants]
R
What is the unit(s) for concentration?
mol / litre
What is the rate constant?
Constant k used to form an equality for the law of mass action
when all reactants are 1 mol/litre at a fixed temperature
R = k
Give:
Generation equation for the reaction rates of
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
R = k1 [A]a [B]b
R’ = k2 [C]c [D]d
Give:
Equilibrium equation for the reaction rates of
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
[C]^c [D]^d k1
————– = ———- = K (eq) / K (c) equilibrium constant [A]^a [B]^b k2
Give:
Value of reaction quotient (Q) in
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
[C]^c [D]^d
Q = —————–
[A]^a [B]^b
% dissociation formula
moles/litre that dissociate
% dissociation = ————————————— x 100
original concerntration
Give:
Method used to calculate [H3O+]
let x = number of moles/liter of ______ that dissociate at equilibrium
Give:
Equation for acids ionising
acid(l) + H2O(l) ——> acid-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
Give:
Acid dissociation constant
usually K (equilibrium constant)
BUT because, value of [H2O] is so large compared with other numbers involved,
it is incorporated into a new equilibrium constant
(K a)
Give:
Equation for pH
pH = - log[____]
Give:
Solubility constant
K (sp)
usually K, but [AgCl (a saturated solution)] remains constant at a constant temperature so it is incorporated into K
For the equation:
MA(s) ⇌ M+(aq) + A-(aq)
Ksp = [M+(aq)][A-(aq)]
What is the ion product?
[M+(aq)] [A-(aq)]
Give:
Solution type and precipitate situation when
ion product
unsaturated solution
no precipitation occurs
Give:
Solution type and precipitate situation when
ion product = Ksp
saturated solution
solution at equilibrium
no precipitation
