SAT biology

Question 1

which stage, in mitosis or meiosis, is a homologous pair of chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of a cell?

Answer 1

anaphase I

Question 2

during which phase of mitosis are a cell’s chromosomes condensed?

Answer 2

prophase

Question 3

during which phase of mitosis do centriole pairs separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell, while the spindle apparatus forms between them?

Answer 3

prophase

Question 4

during which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane dissolve and the spindle fibers enter the nucleus?

Answer 4

prophase

Question 5

during which phase of mitosis are chromatids considered chromosomes (Unduplicated)?

Answer 5

anaphase

Question 6

T or F? almost all cells can undergo mitosis.

Answer 6

false,verve cells and specialized muscle cells don’t

Question 7

during which phase of mitosis does the spindle apparatus disappear?

Answer 7

telophase

Question 8

during which phase of mitosis does a new nuclear membrane begin to form?

Answer 8

telophase

Question 9

what happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 9

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 10

in which phase of meiosis are chromosomes replicated?

Answer 10

the S phase

Question 11

what are the results of meiosis II?

Answer 11

the duplicated chromosomes split, resulting in 4 genetically distinct haploid gametes

Question 12

where is the cerebellum located?

Answer 12

in the hindbrain

Question 13

what is the main function of the cerebellum?

Answer 13

to coordinate movement, such as posture and balance

Question 14

if the victim of an automobile accident suffered isolated damage to the cerebellum, which of the following would MOST likely occur? 
A. loss of voluntary muscle contraction
B. loss of sensation in the extremities
C. loss of muscular coordination
D. loss of speech
E. loss of hearing

Answer 14

C. loss of muscular coordination

Question 15

where is the cerebrum located?

Answer 15

in the forebrain

Question 16

what is the cerebrum responsible for?

Answer 16

the coordination of most voluntary activities, sensation, speech and cognition

Question 17

which of the following is NOT a type of genetic mutation? 
A. point
B. silent
C. insertion
D. frame shift
E. malignant

Answer 17

E. malignant

Question 18

point mutations are divided into two general categories, what are they?

Answer 18

base pair substations and base pair insertions/ deletions

Question 19

where does a silent mutation occur?

Answer 19

in a non coding region, or where the mutation does not change the amino acid sequence due to the degeneracy of the genetic code

Question 20

what does malignant mean?

Answer 20

cancerous

Question 21

which of the following are characteristics of animal cells but NOT bacterial cells? (some, all, or none of the above) 
I. they have mitochondria 
II. they have ribosomes
III. the have cell walls
IV. they reproduce asexually

Answer 21

I. they have mitochondria

Question 22

T or F? all animal and plant cells have mitochondria

Answer 22

true

Question 23

do bacterial cells have mitochondria?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

how do bacteria cells reproduce?

Answer 24

asexually via binary fission

Question 25

T or F? both animal cells and bacteria cells have ribosomes?

Answer 25

true

Question 26

explain what the right side of the heart does.

Answer 26

it pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward the lungs)

Question 27

explain where the left side of the heart pumps blood.

Answer 27

it pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughout the body)

Question 28

what are the two upper chambers called?

Answer 28

atria

Question 29

what are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 29

ventricles

Question 30

which ventricle, left or right, is more muscular? and why?

Answer 30

the left is more muscular because it is responsible for generating the force that propels systematic circulation and because it pumps against high resistance

Question 31

where is the most oxygenated blood in the heart found?

Answer 31

in the pulmonary veins

Question 32

what is the only type of vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood?

Answer 32

the pulmonary veins

Question 33

what artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 33

the pulmonary artery

Question 34

what is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 34

the pulmonary artery

Question 35

what’s the sinoatrial node?

Answer 35

another name for the pacemaker of the heart

Question 36

where is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 36

the right atrium

Question 37

what is the sequence in which blood flows through the heart?

Answer 37

blood flow begins in the right atrium and then travels into the right ventricle, then it flows into the pulmonary arteries and proceeds to the lungs to be oxygenated, next it returns via the pulmonary veins and flows into the left atrium, after that it flows into the left ventricle and is pumped throughout the body, starting at the aorta

Question 38

T or F? sex linked recessive traits typically affect only males.

Answer 38

true

Question 39

what happens during transcription?

Answer 39

information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed onto a strand of mRNA

Question 40

what is a climax community?

Answer 40

an ecological system in which the populations and the way they relate to each other remain the same from one generation the next

Question 41

in a normally breathing patient, the _________ warm and almost co plenty humidify the air

Answer 41

nasal passageways

Question 42

the nasal passageways filter out particles by _________

Answer 42

nasal air turbulence

Question 43

what does the endoderm develop into?

Answer 43

lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and the lining of the bladder

Question 44

what does the ectoderm develop into?

Answer 44

the brain and nervous system, lens of the eye, the inner ear, hair, nails sweat glands, the lining of the mouth and nose, and the skin

Question 45

during which phase is a cell’s DNA replicated?

Answer 45

interphase