SAS 9 - The Nervous System (Part 1)

Question 1

What are the major functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

• Receive sensory inputs
• Integrating information
• Controlling muscles and glands
• Maintaining homeostasis
• Establishing and maintaining mental activity

Question 2

It consists of the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 2

Central Nervous System

Question 3

It consists of all the nervous tissue outside the CNS

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

It conducts action potentials FROM SENSORY RECEPTORS to CNS by SENSORY neurons

Answer 4

Sensory (Afferent) Division

Question 5

It conducts action potentials FROM CNS to effector organs, by MOTOR neurons

Answer 5

Motor (Efferent) Division

Question 6

The type of nervous system under efferent division that innervates skeletal muscle, under VOLUNTARY control

Answer 6

Somatic Nervous System

Question 7

The type of nervous system under efferent division that innervates cardiac, smooth muscle, under INVOLUNTARY control

Answer 7

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 8

A subdivision of the PNS that has both the sensory and motor neurons, contained wholly in the digestive tract

Answer 8

Enteric Nervous System

Question 9

Receives stimuli, conduct action potentials, transmits signals to other neuron or effector organs

Answer 9

Nerve Cells / Neurons

Question 10

A part of the nerve cells, contains nucleus and PROCESSES stimulus

Answer 10

Cell Body

Question 11

A part of the nerve cells, extensions on the neuron cell body, RECEIVE stimulus FROM other neurons or sensory receptors

Answer 11

Dendrites

Question 12

A part of the nerve cells, single long process; transmits stimulus TO a gland, muscle organ, or other neuron

Answer 12

Axon

Question 13

These are the SUPPORTIVE CELLS of the PNS and CNS, they do not conduct action potentials but carry out different functions that enhance neuron function and maintain normal conditions

Answer 13

Neuroglia / Glial Cells

Question 14

These are fatty, PROTECTIVE WRAPPING around axons of some neurons that are formed by oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann Cells (PNS), serves as insulator that prevents ALMOST all ion movements across cell membrane

Answer 14

Myelin Sheaths

Question 15

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Answer 15

Node of Ranvier

Question 16

Consists of groups of NEURON CELL BODIES AND THEIR DENDRITES, where there is very LITTLE myelin

Answer 16

Gray Matter

Question 17

A part of the gray matter, it is located on the surface of the brain

Answer 17

Cortex

Question 18

CLUSTERS of gray matter located deeper within the brain

Answer 18

Nuclei

Question 19

A cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 19

Ganglion

Question 20

Consists of bundles of PARALLEL AXONS WITH THEIR MYELIN SHEATHS, which are WHITISH in color

Answer 20

White Matter

Question 21

Found on the CNS which propagate action potential from one area of the CNS to another

Answer 21

Nerve Tracts / Conduction Pathways

Question 22

Bundles of axons located in the PNS

Answer 22

Nerves

Question 23

Occurs in UNMYELINATED axons, an action potential in one part of the cell membrane stimulates local currents in in adjacent parts

Answer 23

Continuous Conduction

Question 24

Occurs in MYELINATED axons, an action potential ‘jumps’ from one node of ranvier to the next along the length of the axon

Answer 24

Saltatory Conduction