Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AUBF > SAS 3 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys & Urine Formation > Flashcards

SAS 3 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys & Urine Formation Flashcards

1
Q

The most important organ in the genitourinary tract

A

The pair of kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What influences the urine formation?

A

Nephrons & Renal Corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is urine formation given emphasis?

A

The process of urine formation is given emphasis because this kidney function makes it possible for laboratorians to quickly examine and find out whether the kidneys function normally or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main focus of Module 2 in AUBF?

A
  1. To trace the blood flow as it enters the kidneys until it leaves the kidneys.
  2. To trace the formation of urine from the blood that enters the kidneys up until urine exits the genitourinary tract.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Nephron?

A

It is a functional unit of the kidney that forms urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Label the parts of the Nephron (see phone)

A

See phone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
Factors affecting glomerular filtration in the
renal corpuscle (and label them; see phone)
A
  • Afferent arteriole
  • Hydrostatic Pressure
  • Oncotic Pressure (unfiltered plasma proteins)
  • Foot processes of podocyte
  • Bowman’s space
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Basement membrane
  • Endothelium
  • Visceral epithelium (podocyte)
  • Efferent arteriole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The relationship of the nephron to the kidney and excretory system (label the parts).

A

See picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The relationship of nephron areas to renal function tests.

A

See picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State the functions of the GUT (1-5)

A
  1. Excretion of waste products of metabolism (urea, creatinine, uric acid, and other organic acids) and xenobiotics (foreign chemicals like drugs and toxins) via urine formation that serves as the medium for elimination of these substances.
  2. Regulation of the blood volume via the renin (from juxtaglomerular apparatus) - angiotensin (from blood vessels) - aldosterone (from adrenal cortex) system (RAA), renal concentration & dilution, and water & electrolyte balance
  3. Blood pH regulation via the phosphate buffers, bicarbonate and ammonia.
  4. Endocrine function aside from RAA such as the synthesis of erythropoietin (EPO).
  5. Immune function via the phagocytic action of podocytes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Algorithm of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

A

See picture (page 15 in Urinalysis and Body Fluids reference book)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Actions of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

A
  1. Dilation of the afferent arteriole and constriction of the efferent arteriole
  2. Stimulation of sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
  3. Triggers the adrenal cortex to release the sodium retaining hormone, aldosterone, to cause reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
  4. Triggers release of antidiuretic hormone by the hypothalmus to stimulate water reabsorption in the collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Renal concentration

A

See picture (page 16 in Urinalysis and Body Fluids reference book)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The effect of hydration on renal concentration.

A

See picture (page 22 in Urinalysis and Body Fluids reference book)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate.

A

See picture (page 18 in Urinalysis and Body Fluids reference book)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Excretion of secreted hydrogen ions combined with phosphate

A

See picture (page 18 in Urinalysis and Body Fluids reference book)

17
Q

Excretion of secreted hydrogen ions combined with ammonia produced by the tubules.

A

See picture (page 18 in Urinalysis and Body Fluids reference book)

18
Q

What sequence does urine formation follows?

A

It starts from the filtration of blood up until the excretion of the urine out of the urethra.

19
Q

The urine is a body fluid produced in the kidneys using three (3) major steps that is shown by the equation:

A

Urine = 1 + 2 - 3

1 - Glomerular filtration of blood (to produce an ultrafiltrate)

2 - Tubular Secretion (tubules add substances to the ultrafiltrate)

3 - Tubular reabsorption (latter tubulature removes substances and bring them back to the bloodstream)

20
Q

Tubular Reabsorption

A 
Active Transport (Substance; Location)
Passive Transport (Substance; Location)

See table (page 16 in Urinalysis and Body Fluids reference book)

21
Q

Label the Visceral organs

22
Q

Label the Visceral organs

23
Q

Label the kidney structure

24
Q

Correct sequence of the structures in Conducting Blood

A
  1. Arcuate arteries
  2. Interlobar arteries
  3. Interlobular arteries
  4. Efferent arteries
  5. Afferent arteriole
  6. Peritubular capillaries
  7. Arcuate veins
  8. Interlobular veins
  9. Interlobar veins
  10. Renal vein
25
Q

Correct sequence of the structures in Conducting Urine

A
  1. Glomerular Tuft
  2. Proximal Convoluting Tube
  3. Descending loop of Henle
  4. Ascending loop of Henle
  5. Distal Convoluting Tube
  6. Collecting Duct
  7. Renal Pyramid
  8. Renal Pelvis
  9. Ureters
  10. Urinary bladder

AUBF (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions