SARS-CoV2 Flashcards
1
Q
SARS-CoV2
A
- Enveloped RNA virus in the family Coronaviridae
- Shares features to SARS and MARS
- Positive-sense, single stranded RNA genomes
- Identified in various
- Human viruses generally cause mild disease
- Zoonotic viruses severe respiratory diseases
2
Q
SARS-CoV2 Action
A
- Attaches via Spike protein to ACE2 host receptor
- Replicates RNA genome and produces new virus particles
3
Q
Organ Vulnerability
A
- Based on ACE2 receptor distribution
- Effects respiratory tract, heart, kidney, ileum, bladder, lungs
4
Q
RdRp + CoV
A
- CoV RdRp highly conserved between COVs and a potential broadly applicable drug target
- CoVs with resistant mutations in this region may not favor disease emergence, likely to be poorly maintained in nature
5
Q
Immune/Inflammatory Response
A
- Uptaken SARS-CoV2 infects ACE2 expresing cells which dampens anti-viral IFN responses
- Leads to uncontrolled viral replication and influx of neutrophil/monocytes/macrophages
- Hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines that causes a “cytokine storm”
6
Q
RT-PCR
A
- Gold standard for SARS-CoV2 diagnosing
- High specificity
- Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, LRT are possible collection sites
7
Q
COVID-19 + Antivirals
A
- Remdesivir
- Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine
- Lopinavir/ritonavir and other HIV PI
8
Q
COVID + Immune-based Therapy
A
- Blood derived: plasma, immunoglobulins, mesenchymal stem cells
- Immunomodulators: corticosteroids, interferon alpha and beta, IL-1/6 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors
9
Q
COVID + Adjunctive Therapies
A
- Antithrombotics
- Vit C
- Vit B
- Zinc
10
Q
Remdesivir
A
- Veklury
- Adenosine nucleotide prodrug
- Emergency use authorization for severe COVID treatment
- IV
- MoA: competes for binding to RdRp and inhibits viral replication by terminating RNA transcription early
- Excreted in urine
- AR: hepatic dysfunction, infusion reactions
- Monitor LFTs at baseline and daily
- DDI: Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine/strong CYP3A4s may decrease effect/[serum]
