Sarge 4-16 parasitic diseases

Question 1

parasite and vector of malaria

Answer 1

plasmodium (mostly P. falciparum and P. vivax), female mosquitos (genus Anopheles)- where the gametocytes mate in the midgut

Question 2

parasite and vector of Chagas disease

Answer 2

American trypanosome T. cruzi, kissing bugs

Question 3

parasite and vector of Sleeping Sickness

Answer 3

African trypanisomes, tsetse flies

Question 4

parasite and vector of Leishmaniasis

Answer 4

protozoan Leishmania (many different species), sand flies

Question 5

symptoms of malaria

Answer 5

flu like:fever, dry cough, fatigue, pain, splenomegaly, nausea

Question 6

symptoms of Chagas Disease

Answer 6

fever, headaches, swelling, (60-70% show no symptoms, show 10-30 years later) heart arrhythmias enlargement aneurism, megaesophagus, megacolon, chagomas

Question 7

symptoms of Sleeping Sickness

Answer 7

chancres, insomnia, seizures

Question 8

symptoms of Leishmaniasis

Answer 8

two types: cutaneous (open sore) and visceral (Kal-Azar, spleen, liver bone marrow)

Question 9

order of tissues infected by parasites in humans

Answer 9

blood, liver (or brain or macrophage)

Question 10

malaria control methods and drugs

Answer 10

mosquito nets, biological mosquito egg killer agents, eliminate standing water, spray insecticides; DRUGS: quinine, artemisinin (resistance develops quickly)

Question 11

similarities of Chagas and Sleeping sickness

Answer 11

both caused by typanosomes, treatable

Question 12

differences of Chagas and Sleeping sickness

Answer 12

danger regions of the globe, sleeping sickness sometimes goes to cerebrospinal fluid, different species are causes and vectors

Question 13

Chagoma

Answer 13

lesion at bite site

Question 14

Ramana’s Sign

Answer 14

Chagas parasites are infiltrating the conjunctiva

Question 15

How do trypanosomes avoid immune system targeting

Answer 15

by expressing variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs)

Question 16

2 cell types affected in humans with Leishmaniasis important for transmission

Answer 16

macrophages, neutrophils

Question 17

cause and routes of infection for Toxoplasmosis

Answer 17

caused by Toxoplasma gondii, infection through accidental ingestion of cat feces, soil, or uncooked meat

Question 18

Who is vulnerable (sub-population) to toxoplasmosis and what are the consequences of infection

Answer 18

those who are immunocompromised, fetuses: can cause brain damage, blindness, or death of fetus; necrosis of muscle eye or brain in immunocompromised/pregnant