Sarcoidosis Flashcards
1
Q
Sarcoidosis definition
A
- chronic granulomatous disorder
- lymphocytes and macrophages accumulate to form non-caseating granulomas
2
Q
Sarcoidosis risk factors
A
- age 20 - 40
- Scandinavian
- family history
- non-smokers
- affects females more than males
3
Q
Sarcoidosis signs and symptoms
A
- respiratory - dry cough, dyspnoea
- extrapulmonary - arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, eye symptoms (photophobia, painful red eye, blurring)
- erythema nodosum - painful, on shins
- lupus pernio - indurated plaques on face
4
Q
Sarcoidosis investigations
A
- bloods - ACE ↑ 60%, ↑ Ca, ↑ ESR
- chest X-ray:
- stage 0 - normal
- stage 1 - bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
- stage 2 - also interstitial infiltrates
- stage 3 - only diffuse interstitial infiltrates
- stage 4 - diffuse fibrosis
- restrictive pattern on spirometry
- non-caseating granulomas on biopsy
5
Q
Sarcoidosis management
A
- most patients improve without treatment
- indications for steroids:
- hypercalcaemia
- CXR stage 2-3 with symptoms
- eye, heart, or neuro involvement
