Sarcoid Flashcards
What are the molecular mechanisms of sarcoid proliferation?
- MMPs dysregulation
- Induction of growth factors signalling pathways
- Abnormal DNA methylation
- Loss of activity by tumor supressors, p53, FHIT
How is immune system impaired in sarcoids
- BPV oncoprotein ihnibit TLR4, MHC I and II -distributed cytokine production and poor immune clearance of tumour cells
- Induction of T regs immunosuppressor responses - impairs the action of antigen- reactive ly
How are fibroblastic sarcoids divided?
- Type 1 pedunculated
a) no root
b) dumbell root - Type 2 sessile
How are nodular sarcoids divided?
- Type A (no skin)
A1) capsule
A2) invasive - Type B ( + skin)
B1) capsule
B2) invasive
Were are occult sarcoid most frequently find
-neck, face, sheath, medial thigh, shoulder
Where are verrucous sarcoids mostly find?
-head, neck, axillae, groin
Where are nodular sarcoids mostly find?
-eyelid, groin, prepuce
Where are fibroblastic sarcoids mostly found
-axillae, groin, legs, periocular
+ previously wound sites
+ traumatized sarcoids
By the study, Zahra, 2019 what is the most prevalent sarcoid?
- Fibroblastic sarcoid 70%
- Mixed 13.5%
- Verrucous 5.4%
- Occult and nodular 4,7% both
By the study, Zahra 2019 what is most common region affected ?
- Head 44%
- Fore limb 29%
- Hind limb 17 %
DDX for occult sarcoid
-AA
-bact folliculitis
-ringworm
How is cisplatin used in sarcoids and how is it effective?
-biodegradebale 3 mm cisplatin beads- implated and sutured
-repeated q 30 days
-stable for 1 y
-11/13 sarcoid (min local reaction, relapse free fro 2 y)
+ melanoma, scc
What is Immunocidin
-its a intratumoral injection of Mycobacterium phlei purified cell wall fraction
-act via TLR 9- activate immune effector cells and induce cytokine synthesis -> apoptosis
-for sarcoids
How is immunocidin used and how is generalized respone
-q 2 weeks until resloved (1-5 treatments)
-debulk larger masses prior to infusion
-high tumor free rate
-swelling at injection site
What is XXtera and what is it main active ingedient
Zn Cl + cytotoxic alkaloids = SANGUINARINE
-antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet activity
-inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis
Why is presumed acyclovir doesnt work in sarcoids?
-BPV are missing the thymidine kinase that is necessary for phosphorilation
-has antiviral activity but to lesser extent
How does the cidofovir works in sarcoids
selectively induces viral DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activity leading to apoptosis
How does the equine sarcoid vaccine works
-intradermal inoculation with infectious BPV1 virions (10 sites on neck)
-vaccinated did nit develop sarcoid
-increase in viral neutralizing antibodies
-increase in immune cell memory: plasma cell and memory B cells, memory T cells (CD4/CD8)
How does the vaccine works with recombinant poxvirus expression feline IL-2
-IL2- stimulates cytotoxic T cells, Th1, Th2, Th17, NK and ly- activated killer cells - has antitumor response
-feline and equine IL2 show 76% homology
How was the response with recombinant poxvirus expressing feline IL-2
-68% complete regression
-4 % partial
-regression noted at 6 months
-legs>trunk
-fibrovascular > nodular
-distant untreated sites regressed
Which BPV cause saroids in cats
BPV-14, 1
Which cats develop sarcoids
-young, fights + exposure to cattle
-typically non ulcerated , nodular exophytic masses on nasal phytrum, head, neck, digt , oral cavity
What is pathogenesis of feline sarcoids
-non productive infection (absence of PV antigen- infection in fibroblast)
-no viral replication
=dense proliferation of spindle to stellate fibrtoblastic cells resembling equine sarcoid
