Sarcoid

Question 1

What are the molecular mechanisms of sarcoid proliferation?

Answer 1

1. MMPs dysregulation
2. Induction of growth factors signalling pathways
3. Abnormal DNA methylation
4. Loss of activity by tumor supressors, p53, FHIT

Question 2

How is immune system impaired in sarcoids

Answer 2

1. BPV oncoprotein ihnibit TLR4, MHC I and II -distributed cytokine production and poor immune clearance of tumour cells
2. Induction of T regs immunosuppressor responses - impairs the action of antigen- reactive ly

Question 3

How are fibroblastic sarcoids divided?

Answer 3

1. Type 1 pedunculated
   a) no root
   b) dumbell root
2. Type 2 sessile

Question 4

How are nodular sarcoids divided?

Answer 4

1. Type A (no skin)
   A1) capsule
   A2) invasive
2. Type B ( + skin)
   B1) capsule
   B2) invasive

Question 5

Were are occult sarcoid most frequently find

Answer 5

-neck, face, sheath, medial thigh, shoulder

Question 6

Where are verrucous sarcoids mostly find?

Answer 6

-head, neck, axillae, groin

Question 7

Where are nodular sarcoids mostly find?

Answer 7

-eyelid, groin, prepuce

Question 8

Where are fibroblastic sarcoids mostly found

Answer 8

-axillae, groin, legs, periocular
+ previously wound sites
+ traumatized sarcoids

Question 9

By the study, Zahra, 2019 what is the most prevalent sarcoid?

Answer 9

1. Fibroblastic sarcoid 70%
2. Mixed 13.5%
3. Verrucous 5.4%
4. Occult and nodular 4,7% both

Question 10

By the study, Zahra 2019 what is most common region affected ?

Answer 10

1. Head 44%
2. Fore limb 29%
3. Hind limb 17 %

Question 11

DDX for occult sarcoid

Answer 11

-AA
-bact folliculitis
-ringworm

Question 12

How is cisplatin used in sarcoids and how is it effective?

Answer 12

-biodegradebale 3 mm cisplatin beads- implated and sutured
-repeated q 30 days
-stable for 1 y
-11/13 sarcoid (min local reaction, relapse free fro 2 y)
+ melanoma, scc

Question 13

What is Immunocidin

Answer 13

-its a intratumoral injection of Mycobacterium phlei purified cell wall fraction
-act via TLR 9- activate immune effector cells and induce cytokine synthesis -> apoptosis
-for sarcoids

Question 14

How is immunocidin used and how is generalized respone

Answer 14

-q 2 weeks until resloved (1-5 treatments)
-debulk larger masses prior to infusion
-high tumor free rate
-swelling at injection site

Question 15

What is XXtera and what is it main active ingedient

Answer 15

Zn Cl + cytotoxic alkaloids = SANGUINARINE
-antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet activity
-inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis

Question 16

Why is presumed acyclovir doesnt work in sarcoids?

Answer 16

-BPV are missing the thymidine kinase that is necessary for phosphorilation
-has antiviral activity but to lesser extent

Question 17

How does the cidofovir works in sarcoids

Answer 17

selectively induces viral DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activity leading to apoptosis

Question 18

How does the equine sarcoid vaccine works

Answer 18

-intradermal inoculation with infectious BPV1 virions (10 sites on neck)
-vaccinated did nit develop sarcoid

-increase in viral neutralizing antibodies
-increase in immune cell memory: plasma cell and memory B cells, memory T cells (CD4/CD8)

Question 19

How does the vaccine works with recombinant poxvirus expression feline IL-2

Answer 19

-IL2- stimulates cytotoxic T cells, Th1, Th2, Th17, NK and ly- activated killer cells - has antitumor response
-feline and equine IL2 show 76% homology

Question 20

How was the response with recombinant poxvirus expressing feline IL-2

Answer 20

-68% complete regression
-4 % partial
-regression noted at 6 months
-legs>trunk
-fibrovascular > nodular
-distant untreated sites regressed

Question 21

Which BPV cause saroids in cats

Answer 21

BPV-14, 1

Question 22

Which cats develop sarcoids

Answer 22

-young, fights + exposure to cattle
-typically non ulcerated , nodular exophytic masses on nasal phytrum, head, neck, digt , oral cavity

Question 23

What is pathogenesis of feline sarcoids

Answer 23

-non productive infection (absence of PV antigen- infection in fibroblast)
-no viral replication

=dense proliferation of spindle to stellate fibrtoblastic cells resembling equine sarcoid