SAR

Question 1

Landing zone requirements for helicopters should take into consideration:

Answer 1

Weather
Size Requirements
Overhead Instructions

Question 2

Define the basic requirements for a landing zone (LZ) or heliport

Answer 2

Will vary due to conditions, the helicopter pilot will always advise the minimum LZ size prior to each landing.

Question 3

To adequately protect yourself, searchers involved in helicopter operations should ensure that they have the following safety equipment for themselves and any subjects:

Answer 3

Helmet
Goggles
Hearing Protection

Question 4

You must always assume the helicopter pilot and crew cannot see you while they are landing.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

It is only safe to approach the helicopter whe:

Answer 5

A crew member has signaled to you it is alright to approach from a specific direction.

Question 6

Clues/evidence located int he field should be immediately reports to base, then:

Answer 6

Instruction from command should be followed.

Question 7

In tracking, “sign” can be best described as:

Answer 7

Scuffs, bruising, and breakage.

Question 8

List 3 elements that are necessary for fire

Answer 8

Heat, Oxygen, Fuel

Question 9

what is the minimum amount of water that a SAR member should carry into a field on a mission?

Answer 9

2-4 Litres

Question 10

Four methods to purify water are:

Answer 10

Chemical: Bacteria, Virus, some parasites
Boiling: Bacteria, Virus, Parasites
UV: Bacteria, Virus, Parasites
Filtering: Bacteria, Parasites, some contaminants

Question 11

The fundamentals of survival in a non-urban environment are:

Answer 11

A positive mental attitude and maintaining stable core body temperature.

Question 12

Methods to control bleeding include:

Answer 12

Direct pressure
pressure bandages
tourniquets

Question 13

True or Fales: Limb immobilization (splinting) can be achieved in the field by walking sticks, ski poles, paddles, SAM splints, other materials strong enough to serve the purpose, or by taping the affected limb to another limb.

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

Common weather hazards in SAR include:

Answer 14

Snow, Rain, Heat

Question 15

Different types of hazards on search missions include:

Answer 15

Common climate hazards, forest fires
Hunters, poachers, animals
Drug production areas

Question 16

True or False: Searching in winter requires an awareness of the potential for avalanches and tree well entrapment.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

When searching for moving water, an effective personal flotation device needs to be:

Answer 17

Correct size and type
Be worn
Be fastened correctly using all required fasteners

Question 18

If a search member is injured, becomes lost, or shows signs of an environmental illness such as hypothermia, altitude sickness, or heat exhaustion:

Answer 18

The team leader should notify base immediately and cease the team mission until the situation is resolved.

Question 19

Common signs of hypothermia include:

Answer 19

Shivering, poor muscle coordination, slurred/slow speech, subject may be wet.

Question 20

Proper field treatment of hypothermia include:

Answer 20

Warm the subject, provide fluids, ensure they are dry

Question 21

Methods to prevent hypothermia include:

Answer 21

Wear proper clothing for conditions
Eat and drink warm food and fluids
Stay active, but don’t exert yourself to the point that sweat will dampen clothing.

Question 22

Common signs of hyperthermia include:

Answer 22

Nausea, dizziness, fast pulse, muscle pain, cramps

Question 23

Proper field treatment for hyperthermia

Answer 23

Stop physical activity and move to cool place
Sip water or beverage with electrolytes
Loosen tight clothing and place cool damp cloths on body

Question 24

Prevention of hyperthermia:

Answer 24

Wear proper clothing for conditions
Remain hydrated
Reduce exertion in hot environments

Question 25

Methods to prevent frostbite:

Answer 25

Wear proper clothing for conditions/tasks Keep tissue covered and warm

Question 26

To treat frostbite you should:

Answer 26

Immobilize the area, keep it from getting colder, avoid pressure/contact.

Question 27

Symptoms of frostbite include:

Answer 27

Numb, pale/waxy skin, hardening of tissue

Question 28

5 methods heat is tranferred

Answer 28

Conduction Convection Radiation Respiration Evaporation

Question 29

Dehydration is a concern when:

Answer 29

Any environment when a person has not consumed enough water to replace the amount used during activity and bodily functions.

Question 30

True or False: Always make sure your pack is fastened securely before crossing moving water

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

True or False: Searchers should evaluate themselves or be evaluated for fatigue before they demobilize from a search to ensure they are safe to drive home.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Who can stop a search assignment for safety reasons

Answer 32

ANY SAR MEMBER

Question 33

True of False: The highest priority in all SAR missions is the safety of the responders

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

What types of maps can be used in SAR?

Answer 34

topographic, State forestry, Trail

Question 35

The area in a map township and range section square is:

Answer 35

1 mile by 1 mile

Question 36

What are the three most commonly used coordinate systems?

Answer 36

Lat/Long, Township range, UTM

Question 37

UTM coordinates are divided into grid squares of:

Answer 37

1000x1000m or 1square km

Question 38

UTM measures the world in

Answer 38

Kilometers and meters

Question 39

what is the difference between magnetic north and true north called?

Answer 39

Declination

Question 40

True or False: It is safe to assume all SAR groups use the same map datum.

Answer 40

FALSE

Question 41

What is the reason that all search resources on a mission use the same map datum and coordinate system?

Answer 41

Numerical coordinates in different map datums represent different geographical locations.

Question 42

The advantages of using a GPS unit are:

Answer 42

Easy way to plot location Allows you to save your track on a mission It can guide you to a location

Question 43

Limitations of using a GPS unit are:

Answer 43

It may not work in all terrain Human error is always a possibility Batteries can fail at any time

Question 44

What lines on a map detail the change in elevation?

Answer 44

Countour lines

Question 45

What is the coordinate system most commonly used by aircraft and maritime vessels?

Answer 45

Lat/Long

Question 46

Some advantages of using UTM over Lat/Long are:

Answer 46

Easier than L/L to plot one's location on a map Coordinates translate directly to the ground Units of measurements are the same for East and West as they are for North and South It is decimal based It uses square grids

Question 47

The primary purpose of a searcher briefing is to:

Answer 47

Provide and accurate exchange of information related to the mission.

Question 48

The primary purpose of a search team debriefing is to:

Answer 48

Communicate to search managers the result of the team's search effort.

Question 49

What is the purpose of personnel check in and checkout procedures on a search mission?

Answer 49

Track location of search personnel and to ensure that all personnel are accounted for. Ensures that resources will be paid for the time they worked should there be a declaration of emergency. Provides search managers with an accurate number of personnel for the state SAR report.

Question 50

The role of the public information officer on a mission is?

Answer 50

Provide the medica with appropriate and accurate information about the search.

Question 51

Accurate documentation of efforts of search teams is important because:

Answer 51

Search managers us it to determine search efficiency and it may be needed later for investigative or legal purposes.

Question 52

Sign found in the field can be protected from damage or preserved by?

Answer 52

Flagging it location to prevent damage and/or contamination. Photographing it Covering it with plastic containers if rain or inclement weather is imminent. Sketching or drawing it

Question 53

The elements of a track or print are:

Answer 53

Size Pattern Stride length

Question 54

The emphasis of looking for clues is:

Answer 54

There are more clues in the area than missing subjects the finding of a clue can substantially reduce and direct the potential area.

Question 55

If a searcher finds something that could be a relevant item of interest, the searcher should stop and notify:

Answer 55

Their team leader

Question 56

Hastys teams are used primarily for

Answer 56

Initial response

Question 57

Type I searching is best described as:

Answer 57

A rapid response to areas of high probability and paths of travel by immediately available trained resources often referred to as a a hasty search.

Question 58

Type II searching is best described as:

Answer 58

A fast systematic search of high probability areas using search techniques most effective for the responsive subject often referred to as an open or loose grid search.

Question 59

Why is containment important on a search?

Answer 59

It can reduce the size of the search area.

Question 60

The most important elements of a sound sweep for a missing person are:

Answer 60

Stopping frequently, making calls for the subject, waiting and listening for a response

Question 61

Critical separation for a visual search

Answer 61

Refers to the spacing distance between searchers in the field. Is dependent upon terrain, weather, lighting conditions and the size of the targe item.

Question 62

Searching at night:

Answer 62

Can be more difficult and dangerous for searchers. Lights can be sued at night as attractants to lost subjects.

Question 63

True or False: To maximize chances of finding clues and the subject, searchers should use the "searcher cube" making sure they look in front, behind, sides, up and down while searching.

Answer 63

TRUE

Question 64

Detection is affected by:

Answer 64

Time of day Speed at which the searcher is traveling How a clue or subject is situated in the environment Contrast between a clue or the subject and the environment

Question 65

What does PLS stand for?

Answer 65

Point/Place last seen

Question 66

What does POD stand for

Answer 66

Probability of detection

Question 67

What does LKP stand for?

Answer 67

Last known point

Question 68

How is LKP different from PLS

Answer 68

The LKP may be determined by clues, where PLS is determined by witness or image.

Question 69

POA - probablitiy of area is defined:

Answer 69

The probability that the subject we are searching for is contained within a given search area or segment.

Question 70

The IPP - Initial planning point is best defined as:

Answer 70

It is generally either the first PLS of LKP of the missing subject.

Question 71

What should a searcher do when evidence of a crime or a deceased person is located?

Answer 71

Don't disturb the scene and contact base for direction.

Question 72

True or False: Whenever possible, searches should avoid any and all discussion of death on the radio other than using e designated death code assigned at the begining of the mission.

Answer 72

TRUE

Question 73

Which of the following are common techniques used to secure a crime scene?

Answer 73

Flagging tape Security personnel Signs

Question 74

Who is responsible for preserving a crime scene when it is discovered/located?

Answer 74

The first responder on scene until relieved by law enforcement

Question 75

Who is allowed into an established crime scene?

Answer 75

Persons documented and authorized by the incident commander.

Question 76

When may a search pick up or disturb a clue, even it is possibly evidence?

Answer 76

When directed by command

Question 77

True or False: A tight grid search is often used at crime scenes to find small objects. It includes strict enforcement of the rules of evidence to protect and record the evidence and maintain the chain of custody

Answer 77

TRUE

Question 78

According to ORS chapter 404, who is legally responsible for SAR in Oregon?

Answer 78

County Sheriff

Question 79

True or False: The Sheriff or designated search coordinator has the authority to close access to the search area.

Answer 79

TRUE

Question 80

True or False: The Oregon good Samaritan las protects SAR volunteers from being sued for acts or omissions while providing medical care........unless SAR volunteer is GROSSLY NEGLIGENT

Answer 80

TRUE

Question 81

What responsibility do SAR volunteers have to participating in SAR missions?

Answer 81

The volunteer must follow the directions of the sheriff or designee and act reasonably and within scope and training and orders to find/rescue subjects

Question 82

When can you use mechanized equipment in a wilderness area?

Answer 82

Only with the permission of the US forest service or BLM and when directed by SAR command

Question 83

TRUE or FALSE: Vicarious liability in the search environment can best be described as legal responsibility for the acts of others that are under your control or direction.

Answer 83

TRUE

Question 84

When a search are would require entering private proper, the SAR volunteer should:

Answer 84

Ask permission of the property owner to search for the missing person on the property, leaving immediately and informing BASE if permission is denied.

Question 85

TRUE or FALSE On a VHF radio, a frequency is a number (such as 155.805 MHz) showing the rate of oscillation of radio waves.

Answer 85

TRUE

Question 86

True or False: A repeater automatically re transmits traffic between two or more users allowing for longer range transmission than possible without a repeater.

Answer 86

TRUE

Question 87

A manual radio relay is a person at a location where they can cover gaps in communication by repeating radio communications

Answer 87

TRUE

Question 88

True or False: Cold weather can affect the performance of your portable radio battery

Answer 88

TRUE

Question 89

When having trouble clearly receiving or transmitting while using a portable radio, the operator should?

Answer 89

Move uphill or closer to the destination radio or repeater Make sure the antenna is tight, not obstructed by anything, and oriented vertically Use a more powerful radio and better antenna, such as a vehicle radio, if possible

Question 90

When team members need to communicate or coordinate information among themselves while dispersed in the field, they should.

Answer 90

Use cell phones or notify base and temporarily switch to an unused radio frequency

Question 91

Unless otherwise specified, radio transmissions during search missions should be in:

Answer 91

Plain English

Question 92

One of the primary frequencies used in SAR is Oregon State SAR, know as SAR orange at

Answer 92

155.8050 MHz

Question 93

If you cannot contact anyone using your portable radio, you should check that:

Answer 93

Radio is on correct channel Radio is on and has a charged battery Volume is turned high enough so that you can hear