Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phase 2a SAQ/MEQ > SAQ 2015 > Flashcards

SAQ 2015 Flashcards

1
Q

For suspected iron deficiency anaemia, on top of normal blood tests, what other blood tests should be performed to confirm the Dx?

A

Serum ferritin

Total iron binding capacity?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is serum ferritin investigation limited?

A

Ferritin is an acute phase protein (and increases with inflammation e.g. infection, malignancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Other tests for iron deficiency anaemia?

other than blood tests

A

c13 breath test for H.pylori
(as used for unexplained iron deficiency anaemia?)

endoscopy to look for GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

potential cause of iron deficiency in pt that comes to GP tired and fatigued

A

Gi bleed e.g. colorectal cancer
Lack of iron in diet
Hookworm?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drug Tx for iron deficiency anaemia

A

iron supplement
ferrous sulphate?
ferrous fumarate?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pt presents with aortic regurgitation, what would make you think this was bacterial endocarditis?

A

fever + new murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what Ix would confirm bacterial endocardidits for pt with aortic regurgitation?

A

echocardiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are 2 potentially fatal consequences of bacterial endocarditis?

A

embolism, sepsis, congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 signs of bacterial endocarditis

A

Roth spots, splinter haemorrhages, osler nodes, janeway lesions

FORM JANE

  • fever
  • Osler’s node
  • Roth’s spots
  • Murmur
  • Janeway lesions
  • Anaemia
  • Nail/splinter haemorrhage
  • Emboli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gram +ve organism, small pink colonies on MacConkey. No haemolysis. What’s the bacteria?

And what other infection does this organism cause?

A

Staph aureus,
Enterococci
Strep Viridans

cellulitis? TSS? osteomyelitis?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Purpose of NHS health checkup

A

secondary prevention - early screening to detect disease at early stage to control RF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For someone seemingly at risk of Cardiovascular disease, apart from BMI and BP, what blood tests should the nurse order?

A

triglycerides? cholesterol? HbA1c? random venous glucose? lipid profile?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name 1 risk calculator you would use to measure CV risk

A

Q-risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

3 modifiable and 3 non-modifiable risks of atherosclerosis

A

mod: sedentary lifestyle, smoking, weight

non-mod: gender, age, family history, familial hypercholesterolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Central chest pain for 20 mins, turns out pt had STEMI, what process has happened in the coronary vessels?

A

rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque forming a thrombus occluding the vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name 4 cells found in an atheroma

A

smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, foam cells, macrophages, endothelial cells? fibroblasts?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what treatment should someone with a STEMI have ASAP?

A

PCI

percutaneous coronary intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sarcoidosis: bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and nodules in lung.

List 4 other symptoms

A

pt complains of a rash (erythema nodusum)
joint pains
painful vision (due to uveitis + conjunctivitis)
weight loss, cough, nose bleeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 Ix to confirm/monitor sarcoidosis

A

Serum ACE
24hr unitary calcium
Serum vit D, lung biopsy?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 Ix to rule out involvement of other organs in sarcoidosis

A

urine dipstick, LFTs? GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pt with sarcoidosis is having trouble with his breathing, what Tx should you consider?

A

inhaled corticosteroids? lung transplant? salbutamol?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dr tries to lower steroid dose for someone with sarcoidosis, but couldnt due to symptoms, what Tx would be added?

A

methotrexate? lung transplant?

hydroxychloroquine? TNF alpha?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pt with asthma presents with acute exacerbation, given neb with salbutamol and IV co-amoxiclav, immediate anaphylaxis reaction. What drug caused the reaction?

A

Co-amoxiclav

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Immediate Mx for anaphylaxis reaction to co-amoxiclav

A

stop co-amoxiclav
ABC
secure airway and give 100% O2

25
Drug Tx for anaphylaxis reaction, and mechanism of action
Adrenaline, sympathetic stimulation (vasoconstriction)
26
2 other Tx (apart from adrenaline) to reduce severity of anaphylactic shock
ranitidine? anti-histamine (chlorophenamine)? steroids (hydrocortisone)? oxygen and fluids?
27
cell which mediates allergic reaction
mast cells
28
antibody associated with anaphylacix reaction
IgE
29
mediator of decreased BP in anaphylactic shock?
histamine
30
Teacher with 3 week history of diarrhoea, 4 things in history to help discern the cause?
``` travel history volume of blood in stools recent meds/change in meds similar Sx in past? associated adb pain pale stools? ``` weight loss, menstruation
31
2 blood tests to determine cause of diarrhoea
tissue trans-glutaminases, blood culture | anaemia- terminal ileum involvement of chrons
32
2 stool tests to determine cause of diarrhoea
faecal calprotectin & lactoferrin
33
Ix suggest inflammatory bowel disease, 2 histological features of UC?
crypt accesses, neutrophil infiltrate, goblet cell depletion
34
layers of bowel affected in UC
mucosa and submucosa
35
4 causes of CKD
``` SLE diabetic nephropathy glomerulonephritis i.e. IgA neuropathy ADPKD vasculitis hypertension goodpastures TB DM type 1 pyelonephritis (chronic reflux) ```
36
2 mechanisms by which proteinuria induces kidney damage?
activation of RAA system destroys the filtration slit membrane further ---> more damage to tubular interstitium (increases tubular oncotic pressure?)
37
glomerular hypertension, 2 drugs to treat?
ACEI, ARB
38
which 2 bone diseases are further complications of CKD?
osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget's disease of bone?
39
Cell that produces myelin in peripheral/central nervous system. Function of myelin?
Peripheral: Schwan central: oligodendrocyte Function: saltatory conduction
40
define absolute and relative refractory period in relation to the action potential
Absolute: no AP can happen Relative: more stimulus needed for AP to happen
41
How does the change in conduction in MS lead to symptoms?
(no answer given) Think its this: acute relapses are caused by focal inflammatory demyelination causes conduction block, signals can't travel --> optic neuropathy, brainstem demyelination and spinal cord lesions
42
Why are MS symptoms so varied?
can affect any nerve in CNS
43
what channel opens initially when the AP propagates + what does this do to the value of the membrane potential?
voltage gated sodium channel and membrane depolarises to +40 mv
44
2 examples of socials stratification
Rich people best jobs - highest in society | Poor people worst jobs bottom of society
45
4 examples of inequality that were mentioned in some reports marmots report, black report
women live longer so more likely to contract disease | men do dangerous jobs so more likely to die
46
how does materialism have an effect on poor health? (two ways)
poor access to green space? | crowded living conditions ?
47
2 strategies that focus on behavioural change
junk food taxation? ban of smoking in public spaces? change 4 life campaign trying to promote exercise? minimum alcohol pricing
48
describe appearance of meningococcus
``` diplococci, red? turbid appearance (csf) ```
49
contacts of suspected meningism are given chemoprophylaxis, why?
to reduce spread to susceptible people/contain the disease
50
who should be notified when someone has meningitis?
public health england | communicable disease centre
51
when would you notify organisations of a case of meningitis?
ASAP/within 24hrs?
52
other than breast cancer, 4 other causes that may present as lumps in the breast
``` fibroadenoma breast cysts breast abscesses fat necrosis ductal infection lipoma ```
53
Pt has over-expression of HER2 gene, which specific drug would you use to treat?
Trastuzumab + (herceptin) - its used for HER2 +ve tumors, in combination with chemotherapy
54
Pt undergoes necessary Tx for breast cancer and is symptom free, 5 years later presents with vertebral column problems. what has happened?
bone metastases
55
2 characteristics used to stage breast cancer
lymph involvement | mets
56
2 hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle
FSH, LH
57
What does oestrogen do to the uterus
no answer given think its: thickens smooth muscle of uterus softening of cervic and pelvic ligaments
58
which 2 cells of the ovary secrete oestrogen
granulosa cells, corpus leuteum? | follicular cells
59
causes of infertility
problem ovulation: turner's syndrome problem of tubes: cystic fibrosis drugs: chemo e.g. cisplat the pill Environmental: radiation exposure, malnutrition, anorexia, stress?

Phase 2a SAQ/MEQ (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions