sap lab exam 2 Flashcards
What does a low FEV1/FVC ratio indicate?
Obstructive & restrictive lung disease
Describe what condition an individual with a low FEV1/FVC ratio may have obstructive lung disease and why.
Because of a slower rate of expiration due to increased airway resistance.
Seminal vesicles
assists with semen coagulation
Bulbourethral gland
neutralises acidic urine in the urethra
Prostate gland
provides a substrate for energy production
Leydig cells
produce testosterone
Diploid cells
2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent cell
Haploid cellls
Gametes, contains 1 set of chromosomes
Sertoli cells
nourish developing sperm
Corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum
contains erectile tissue
Seminiferous tubules
produce sperm
Epididymis
stores and matures sperm
Ejaculatory duct
carry sperm to the uretha
Ovaries
produce oocytes and hormones
Cervix
Acts as a passageway where sperm can travel to reach eggs and potentially lead to fertilisation
Uterine tubes
Transport the oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus
Fimbrae
Sweep the oocyte into the uterine tube
Uterus
Implantation and nourishment of the fertilized ovum
Vagina
Provides a passageway for childbirth
Labia majora
Cover and protect the structures of the vulva
Clitoris
Plays a role in female sexual pleasure
What happens in the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?
Declining levels of oestrogen and progesterone causes the uterus to shed the endometrium and expel it through the cervix and out the vagina.
What happens in the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
The endometrium thickens as a result of an increase in oestrogen.
What happens in the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
Increase in progesterone causes maturation of endometrium to nourish fertilised egg.
What happens in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle? ~14 days
Growth and maturation of ovarian follicles as a result of oestrogen falling and luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone rising.
What happens during ovulation? ~1 day
A large surge in LH and a smaller surge of FSH causes the growing follicle to push through the wall of the ovary, and release its egg into the abdominal cavity.
What happens during the luteal phase in the ovarian cycle? ~14 days
The follicle ruptures and forms the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and oestrogen to assist in the development of the endometrium in case of implantation.
Define external respiration
Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane
Define internal respiration
Exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells
Define pulmonary ventilation
The exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
