SAP Exam Flashcards
Cognitive Process
DEF: interpreting and manipulating mental ideas and images to reason and to obtain information and solve problems
SIG: allows us to interpret information
PRACT: NP
EX: memory, thought
Norms
DEF: Rules that indicate what people should do or how they should act
SIG: gives us a guideline as to how we should act
PRACT: NP
EX: standing for the anthem
Deductive Reasoning
DEF: applying general assumptions to specific cases
SIG: allows us to make assumptions about things
PRACT: NP
EX: all humans have brains Therefore Sonia is a human, therefore, she has a brain
Traits
DEF: predispositions to behave in a certain way in various situations
SIG: gives us an idea on how to behave in situations
PRACT: Sigmund Freud
EX: Stable, Extrovert, introvert
Natural Selection
DEF: the process by which animals and plants best adapt to their environment to survive and produce similar offspring
SIG: it shows that if plants and animals can adapt to survive we as humans can as well
PRACT: Charles Darwin
EX: our environment will affect our skin colour
Conditioning
DEF: a type of learning in which an animal or person responds to a stimulus in a way that normally does not elicit that response
SIG: allows us to establish a route
PRACT: Carl Jung
EX: ringing a bell before you feed the dog it will eventually react to that sound as if it was food
Sanctions
DEF: A formal or informal penalty or reward is given to ensure conformity to norms
SIG: Helps us develop a sense of security in society
PRACT: NP
EX: Smile, frown, criticism, praise
Group-Think
DEF: A desire to reach a consensus or agreement that is so strong the group members lose their ability to critically examine other alternatives
SIG: Came to a conclusion and then can work together no matter your opinion on the topic
PRACT: Irving Janis
EX: You have to pick a topic for a group project and you all can’t decide on a topic but once you have agreed you don’t discuss possible better topics
Bilateral System
DEF: When relatives of a family are deemed by society to be from both sides of both parents
SIG: Allows access to larger amount of family information
PRACT: NP
EX: Tracing descent through both mother and father side
Matrilineal System
DEF: When relatives of a family are deemed by society to be from the mother’s side only
SIG: Helps identify where/who people came from
PRACT: NP
EX: My mother’s mom becomes my grandma
Community Policing
DEF: Enlisting the help of community members to prevent and solve problems or crimes
SIG: Brings the community together and gets them involved in stopping crimes to make their community safer
PRACT: NP
EX: Crime Stoppers
Secondary Group
DEF: A larger, more impersonal group that has limited information, dependence or interest from its members except for their contribution to the group goals
SIG: Expands the people you can talk to
PRACT: NP
EX: School band
Conform
DEF: To change one’s behaviour or attitude to follow the beliefs, rules or guidelines of other people in a group
SIG: It can open your eyes for you to realize you don’t want to be with that group
PRACT: NP
EX: Fighting or shoplifting to be accepted into a group
Catharsis
DEF: The release of strong emotions
SIG: Allows us to release emotions that have been
building up and to allow others to know how we feel
PRACT: Sigmund Freud
EX: Letting your frustration out
Direct Aggression
DEF: Face-to-face confrontation
SIG: Shows that we are not afraid to talk face-to-face
PRACT: NP
EX: A fight
