SAP Configuration Flashcards
View
Presents only selected material pertinent to a particular area
Raw materials
Goods purchased to be used in manufacturing process.
Purchase order
Instruction to a vendor to deliver a good or service.
Can include storage location (for purchasing organization).
Goods receipt
Records material being received into inventory
Vendor master record
Contains all information about a vendor
Types of stock
Unrestricted-use stock
Stock in quality inspection
Blocked stock
Storage location
Place where material is stored.
MRP system
- Materials Requirement Planning system.
* Anticipates future demand* for stock items through statistics.
Vendor
Business partners that are suppliers of materials or services.
Purchase requisition
Internal document that instructs purchasing department to buy a material/service.
MM module
Function: Materials Management
Process: Procurement Logistics
Functional Areas: Purchasing, invoice verification, inventory management, warehouse management
Finished goods
Produced goods sold to customers
Tolerance limits
Allowable deviation between:
- PO and GR (for amounts) or
- GR and IR (for price)
Invoice is still posted, but must be investigated before paid.
Provides balance between accuracy and efficiency.
Material master record
Tracks materials in SAP. Contains information about materials.
The most integrated data record within SAP.
Parallel Testing
Testing the new system or processes with a complete data set while running the same processes in the legacy system.
A successful test will show identical results when both the legacy system and new system results are compared.
A make-to-stock production system is one where…
Manufacture and maintain stock and sales made by this stock.
Stock transfer types
Storage location to storage location
Plant to plant
Company code to company code
In the SAP Controlling module, the controlling area is connected to…
Financial accounting
Types of transfer posting
Stock to stock
Material to material
Consignment to warehouse
Stock transfer
Physical movement in stock.
Can take place both within the same plant an between two plants.
Functional Unit Testing
Test of configuration, system settings or a custom development (it may follow the technical unit testing)
These usually use actual data or data that is masked but essentially the same as a real data set.
A successful test shows that the development or configuration works as designed and the data is accurate as a result.
Testing Types
- Unit Testing
- System Testing
- System Integration security Testing
- Performance Testing
- User Acceptance testing
- Regression Testing
Performance Testing
Tests how much time it takes to perform some actions
Usually it is done using software.
In SAP configuration, the relationship between Sales organisation and Company code is…
oo-1
Goods issue
Goods movement in which a material withdrawal, goods issue, material consumption, or goods shipment is posted to a customer.
A goods issue leads to a decrease of warehouse stock.
Master Data
Control information
Decide how transaction data gets posted into various accounts
Usually shared across modules
Fairly static.
System Testing
Tests the full cycle with its integration
Uses test cases which give a full cyclic test from order to invoice.
Function of a purchasing organization.
- Procurement for One or More Plants
- Negotiating Pricing and Delivery Terms
Assigned to A Company where Inventory is Legally Tracked or Costs are Legally Incurred
In SAP configuration, the relationship between Plant and Storage location is…
oo-1
Material Master – Levels
Client •Description •Units of measure •Material number •Engineering data Plant •Planning data •Manufacturing data •Purchasing data Storage Location •Stock quantities
Technical Unit Testing
Test of some technical development such as a user exit, custom program, or interface.
the test usually consists of a test data set that is processed according to the new program.
A successful test only proves the developed code works and that it performed the process as designed.
Types of BOMs
Material BOM
Variant BOM
Multiple BOM
The transaction code for creating a new chart of account is
OBY7
Decentralised purchasing
different purchasing organizations each responsible for different plants
Integration Testing
Tests a process, development or configuration within the context of any other relevant functions.
The test should examine all data involved across all modules and any data indirectly affected.
A successful test indicates that the processes work as designed and integrate with other functions without causing any problems in any integrated areas.
The transaction code for creating a credit control area is
OB45
A make-to-stock production system is one where
Manufacture and maintain stock and sales made by this stock.
Finished Products (FERT)
- Are produced internally
* Normally no purchasing views exist
Rules
Defines the parameters for Master Data and Transactions
Determines functionality for Master Data and Transactions
Relatively fixed
Changes as policy changes
Trading goods (HAWA)
- Always purchased externally
- Sold without any change to the material
- No manufacturing views exist
Who are the three parties being involved in an Enterprise Systems implementation?
Consultants,
Vendor
Client representatives
Raw Materials (ROH)
- Purchased externally only
* No sales view
‘Three-way matching’ is a principle which involves matching the Vendor Invoice total to what other elements in the procurement process?
Purchase Order
Goods Receipt
Invoice Receipt
User Acceptance Testing
AKA ‘Customer testing’
Performed through the execution of predefined business scenarios, which combine various business processes.
The user test model is comprised of a sub-set of system integration test cases.
The term MRP stands for…
Material Requirement Planning
Goods receipt
Goods movement in which the receipt of goods from both an external vendor and from production is posted. Leads to an increase of warehouse stock.
A vendor master record is used for storing information related to a supplier. The master record is split into three areas. What are these areas?
- General Data
- Company Code Data
- Purchasing Organization Data
The purchasing view of the material master is relevant at what organizational level?
Plant
Sales Order
Formal Agreement with the Customer
Created at Sales area level
Unit Testing
Test elements separately alone one by one using test cases and test data.
Does not check/test any integration between order and delivery; delivery and TO; TO and PGI and then invoice.
Security Testing
Tests different roles and functionalities and will check and sign-off.
A responsibility centre whose performance is evaluated in terms of the profits earned in relation to its asset base is called:
Profit Centre
Work center
Business objects that can represent the following real work centers, for example:
Machines, machine groups
Production lines
Assembly work centers
Employees, groups of employees
What are the views that make up the vendor master record?
General data
Company code data
Purchasing data
In SAP configuration, the relationship between Plant and Company code is…
oo-1
Regression Testing
Verifies that new configuration does not adversely impact existing functionality.
This will be done on each phase of testing.
Bill of Material (BOM) contains…
A list of all: Raw materials Sub-assemblies Intermediate assemblies Sub-components Components Parts - And the quantities thereof, required to create the end product.
Volume Testing
Testing a full data set (actual or masked) to ensure that the entire volume does cause system problems.
A successful test indicates that the processes will not slow or crash the system due to a full data set being utilized.
Business element groups relevant to procurement?
Materials Management (MM) Finance (FI) Production Planning (PP) Warehouse Management (WM) Quality Management (QM)
Plant
- Lowest valuation area (for PRICES or VALUES)
- Organizational level where (MRP) runs
- Generally used to describe a production site, a distribution center or centralized warehouse
- May be a physical or logical unit
In SAP configuration, the relationship between Distribution Channel and Sales Organisation is…
1-oo
Organizational levels in a procurement cycle:
1) Client,
2) Company Code,
3) Plant,
4) Storage Location,
5) Purchasing Organization,
6) Purchasing Groups
Company code (Organizational Unit)
- Has smallest entity for accounting
- Has own balance sheet
- Has own profit and loss statement
Client (Organizational Unit)
- Represents a company within SAP.
- Is a business-independent entity in R/3 system that contains its own set of master data and table contents.
- Is not a legal entity but is more technical in nature
SAP R/3 Main Modules are:
1) Financial Planning (FI)
2) Controlling (CO)
3) Materials Management (MM)
4) Sales and Distribution (SD)
5) Production Planning and Execution Process (PP)
6) Logistics Execution (LE)
7) Quality Management (QM)
8) Project Sysial ManagementMatertems (PS)
9) plant Maintenance (PM)
10) Customer Service (CS)
Storage Location (Organizational Units)
- Is the physical stock inside a singular plant.
- Is the place where inventory management takes place here.
- Codes can be repeated under a different plant.
Purchasing Group
- Is the subdivision of Purchasing Organization.
- Is responsible for operational buying.
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is responsible for:
1) Derivation of future requirements
2) Guaranteeing that required quantities of specific materials are available at the right point in time
3) Balancing stock level versus readiness
Posting Key
Two-character numerical key
Controls the entry of line items.
Determines:
- Account type
- Debit/credit posting
- Layout of entry screens
Division
- Product Line
- based on responsibility for sales or profits from saleable materials or services.
- Organization level to which customer specific information and requirements are maintained
- Assigned to one or more Sales Organizations.
Transfer posting
Change to stock type, material number or batch number.
Additional physical movement possible.
Purchasing Organization
- Is the organizational unit within logistics.
- Procures materials or services for plants.
- Negotiates conditions with vendors.
Testing Methodologies
- Technical Unit
- Functional Unit
- Integration
- Volume
- Parallel
Types of a Purchasing
- Enterprise-wide
- Company-specific
- Plant-specific
Enterprise-wide Purchasing
Single purchasing organization procures for all the company codes of a certain client (that is, for all the individual companies of a certain corporate group)
Company-specific Purchasing
One purchasing organization procures for just one company code
Plant-specific Purchasing
One purchasing organization procures for one plant
Chart of Accounts
List of all accounts contained in the General Ledger
- CoA must be assigned to every company code to create General Ledger for that company
- Several company codes can use the same chart of accounts
THREE (3) TYPES OF COA
- Operative COA
- Country-specific
- Group
5 TYPES OF ACCOUNTS WITHIN COA
- Assets
- Liabilities
- Equity
- Revenues
- Expenses
Sales Area
Comprised of:
- Sales Organization
- Distribution Channel
- Division
Used to link together the organizational aspects of sales to customers
