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POD exam 4 > Santanam > Flashcards

Santanam Flashcards

1
Q

Eicosanoids describe them

A

family of oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids, usually 20 carbons long

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2
Q

name 3 members of Eicosanoids

A

prostaglandins
thromboxanes
leukotrienes

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3
Q

Rank the postaglandins in relative activity

A

PGI2 > PGI1 > PGI3

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4
Q

what is the role of TXA2

A

vasoconstrictor

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5
Q

name an important precursor for eicosandoids

A

arachidonic acid

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6
Q

what cleaves Arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids

A

phospholipase A2 and C

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7
Q

what are the 2 pathways in arachidonic acid

A

linear

cyclic

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8
Q

what enzymes are used for cyclic pathway

A

cyclooxygenase (COX1 & COX2)

peroxidase

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9
Q

name the pathway in cyclic pathway

A

arachidonic acid (cycloxoygenase) –> PGG2 (peroxidase) –> PGH2 –> eicosanoids

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10
Q

name 5 products for the cyclic pathway

A 
PGE2
PGF 2alpha
PGD
TXA2
PGI2
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11
Q

define prostaglandin synthetase

A

name given to enzyme complex of cyclo-oxygenase and peroxidase

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12
Q

where is COX1 found

A

endothelial cells, stomach, kidney

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13
Q

what is COX2 involved in

A

elevate inflammation and cytokines

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14
Q

what drug decreases the activity of COX2

A

glucocorticoids

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15
Q

what form is COX1 and COX2 in

A

COX1 - constitutive form

COX2 - inducible form

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16
Q

what role does COX1 play in the stomach

A

increases stomach mucus

protects stomach mucosa from HCl

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17
Q

asprin and tNSAIDs bind to what in the cyclic pathway

A

bothCOX1 and COX2

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18
Q

prostanoids interact with what receptor

A

GPCR

g-protein coupled receptors

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19
Q

PGI2

A

prostacyclin

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20
Q

PGI2 effects on platelet

A

inhibits platelet aggregation

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21
Q

PGI2 effects on blood vessles

A

vasodilator

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22
Q

PGI2 effects on airway

A

bronchodilator

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23
Q

PGI2 effects on GI

A

inhibits gastric acid secretion

increase mucus secretion

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24
Q

PGI2 effects on renal

A

increase GFR and renal blood flow

increase water and sodium excretion

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25
Q

PGI2 effects on reproductive

A

relaxes uterine muscle

26
Q

PGI2 effects on pain

A

induces pain

27
Q

PGI2 uses what receptors

A

IP ( Gs-cAMP)

28
Q

PGE2

A

prostaglandin

29
Q

PGE2 effects on vascular

A

vasodilator

30
Q

PGE2 effects on aiway

A

bronchodilator

31
Q

PGE2 effects on GI

A

inhibits gastric acid secretion

increases stomach mucus secretion

32
Q

Misoprostol is an analog to what

A

PGE1, prostaglandin

33
Q

what is the role of Misoprostol

A

inhibits gastric acid secretion

- increase production of gastric mucus

34
Q

Misoprostol should always be given with what other drug and why

A

NSAID

- reduce ulcer formation

35
Q

Misoprostol should not be given to what type of patients

A

pregnant women

36
Q

Latanoprost is an analog to what

A

PGF2 alpha

37
Q

what is latanoprost used for

A

for open angle glaucoma to lower intraocular pressure

38
Q

Alprostadil is an analog of what

A

PGE1, prostaglandin

39
Q

role of Alprostadil

A

temporarily maintains patent ductus arteriosus in newborns until surgery
-improves blood oxygenation

40
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

pulmonary artery to aorta

- diverts blood away from the lungs

41
Q

After birth what happens to prostaglanin and prostacyclin levels

A

decrease to close ductus arteriosus

42
Q

What is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth.

A

ligamentum arteriousum

43
Q

what drug is used if the ductus arteriousus does not close

A

Indomethacin

44
Q

what enzymes are used in the linear pathway

A

5-lipoxygenase

dehydrase

45
Q

the lipoxygenase pathway is associated with what human pathologies

A

asthma
anaphylactic shock
CVD

46
Q

what is the pathway for lipoxygenase

A

arachindoinc acid ( 5-lipoxygenase) –> 5-HPETE ( dehydrase ) –> LTA4 –> leukotrines

47
Q

5-HPTETE and LTB4 are what kind of agents

A

chemotactic agents

48
Q

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 do what

A

potent bronchoconstrictor
increase vascular permeability
components of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis

49
Q

what receptor does LTD4 use

A

CysLT1

50
Q

what are the cysteinyl leukotrienes

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

51
Q

5-lipoxygenase uses what other protein for help

A

FLAP (5-lipoxygenase activated protein)

52
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast how do they work

A

competitive, reversible LTD4 receptor antagonist

53
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast is used as a prophylactic treatment for what

A
  • asthma, not used for acute asthmatic attack

- allergic rhinitis

54
Q

Montelukast has what drug drug interaction

A

aspirin sensitivity induced asthma

55
Q

what is drug drug interaction for Zafirlukast

A

Warfin

inhibits CYP3A4 and CYP2C9

56
Q

what is the dosing difference between Montelukast and Zafirlukast

A

Montelukast once daily dosing

Zafirlukast taken 1-2 hours before eating

57
Q

Who can be administered Montelukast

A

children

58
Q

MOA for Zileuton

A

inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase

59
Q

when is Zileuton used

A

prophylaxis for asthma

12 or older

60
Q

what are adverse effects of Zileuton

A

elevated liver enzymes

Must monitor ALT

61
Q

Zileuton has what drug interactions

A

theophylline
warfin
propranolol
-decreases clearance for all

62
Q

Zileuton should not be taken with what

A

Ergot alkaids

- severe vomiting, vasospasms

POD exam 4 (6 decks)

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