Sans 5.1 Flashcards
Restriksi cairan pada cedera otak sedang / berat :
- Sangat berguna dalam mengurangi BE
- Hipovolemia dapat menyebabkan eksaserbasi secondary insult
- Wajib dilakukan
- Lebih merugikan dari pada resusitasi cairan yang agresif
C. 2,4
Perawatan / pengelolaan trauma kepala berat sebaiknya:
A. Di RS dengan fasilitas lengkap
B. Di RS dengan fasilitas Bedah
C. Di RS dengan fasilitas Bedah saraf
D. Dr sembarang RS asal ada ICU
E. Di sembarang RS
A. RS dengan fasilitas lengkap
Berikut cara-cara operatif untuk terapi Parkinson Disease meliputi, kecuali :
A. Ablasi globus pallidus
B. Stimulasi nucleus subtalamus
C. Stimulasi nervus vagus
D. Ablasi thalamus satu sisi
E. Ablasi thalamus dua sisi
C. Stimulasi nervus vagus.
* stimulasi vagus untuk epilepsi
Berikut benar mengenai Parkinson Disease, kecuali :
A. Therapy obat-obatan golongan levodopa
B. Obat-obatan levodopa dapat menyebabkan dyskinesia dan dapat dikurangi dengan obat golongan amitriptilin
C. Pemasangan Deep Brain Stimulation lebih efektif dibandingkan prosedur ablative
D. Diagnosa Parkinson Disease secara klinis ditegakkan oleh adanya Resting tremor, rigiditas atau bradykinesia
E. Semua jawaban diatas benar
B. Obat-obatan levodopa dapat menyebabkan dyskinesia dan dapat dikurangi dengan obat golongan amitriptilin
(dikurangi dengan pengurangan dosis)
Berikut ini adalah benar mengenai Hemifacial:
A. Penyebab tersering adlh kompresi N VII oleh pembuluh darah arteri pd daerah dorsal root exit zone
B. Salah satu diagnosa banding adalah myokinia
C. Terapi pembedahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah neurectomy nervus VII
D. Semua diatas benar
E. Semua diatas salah
D. Semua diatas benar
ddx/ myokinia fasial (brainstem glioma/multiple sclerosis), blefarospasm (organic brain syndroma)
AICA compress roox exit zone, kadang AICA, SCA, VA, koklear
Aneurysmas , except :
A. Fusiform Aneurysms : damage to the media ussualy in vascular bifurcation
B. Mycotic Aneurysms : caused by infected embolism
C. Dissecting Aneurysms : tears in intima or elastic internal membrane
D. Oncotic Aneurysms : occurs in arterial myxoma or choriocarcinoma
E. Saccular Aneurysms : hemodynamically induced vascular injury in elastic lamina
B. Mycotic Aneurysms : caused by infected embolism
(mycotic =from bacterial infection of the arterial wall)
Yang mempengaruhi Outcome pasien dengan Aneurisma yang pecah, kecuali :
A. H&H pada saat tiba di RS
B. Jumlah darah yang terlihat pada CT Scan
C. Hipertensi
D. Diameter aneurisma
E.Penyakit lain yang menyertai
D. Diameter aneurisma
Intracranial cyst , except :
A. Colloid cyst is a cyst in third ventricle fill with mucus
B. Arachnoid cyst is associated with subdural hematomas because of tearing of bridging veins that transverse the cyst
C. Neuroenteric cyst filled with GI or respiratory mucosa.
D. Cavum vergae is a cyst in 4th ventricle’s
E. Cavum septum pellucidum is a cyst between septum pellucidum
B. Arachnoid cyst is associated with subdural hematomas because of tearing of bridging veins that transverse the cyst
Epidermoid tumor , except :
A. Location ussualy in CPA or suprasellar
B. contains sebaceous gland ,sweet glands , teeth or hair
C. it develop from ectodermal element that become trapped intracranially
D. can cause Mollaret’s meningitis
E. Frequently recur after surgery
B. contains sebaceous gland ,sweet glands , teeth or hair
epidermoid cyst:
from ectoderm, AKA cholesteatoma/ectoderm inclusion cyst, contain keratin -debris-kolestrol ,produce aseptic/molaret meningitis, th/ surgery, recurence (+)
Intracranial tuberculomas, except:
A May occur at any age under 50 years of age
B. After the age of 40 the tuberculoma is rare, most probably on an Immunological base
C. Frequent associated tubercular meningitis has been observed
D. Frequent in tuberculous endemic countries
E. Surgery reserved only in treatening intracranial hypertension
E. Surgery reserved only in treatening intracranial hypertension
Extra and intracranial by pass from superficial temporal artery to vertical branch of middle cerebral arteries to be in effective in prevention stroke because many reason, except:
A The small caliber of the by pass
B Inherent very low characteristics
C Its peripheral point of application
D The recipient arteri have to be at least 5 mm in diameter
E Should be as proximal as possible
D The recipient arteri have to be at least 5 mm in diameter
Cavernous meningioma, except:
A. If not resected together with tumor completely ressisted intraduraly will regrow and will present a real problem to the patient
B Cavernous sinus anatomy should be studied in advance and not during the surgery
C Purely intracavernous meningioma the approach is only intradural
D Gamma knife treatment should always be complementary treatment to surgical subtotal removal
E Embolization is helpful for surgery in large intra and estra cavernous
C Purely intracavernous meningioma the approach is only intradural
Tuberculum sellae, diafragma sellae meningioma the surgical technics describe are important except:
A. An interior approach is the best approach
B. Splitting of syvian fissive is mandatory
C. The dura is pulled from the bone and coagulated on its epidural side
D. Piecemeal resection to minimised the volume
E. Preserved the important structures optic nerves, chiasm, both ICAS,opthalmic arteries, pituitary stalk
C. The dura is pulled from the bone and coagulated on its epidural side
The criteria generally used for selecting patients for radiosurgery with diagnosis of primary or recurrent maligant glioma are, except:
A. KPS > 60 or 70
B. Tumor less than 6 cm
C. No evidence of ependymal or subependymal spread
D. A safe distance from the optic path ways or brain stem
E. The arbitary limit for number of lesions to be treated is 6
B. Tumor less than 6 cm
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema:
A. A common syndrome associated with head injuries
B. Increase lung compliance
C. X ray of the lung demonstrated “a black lung”
D. Rapid development of hypoxaemia
E. Prevented by endotracheal intubation
D. Rapid development of hypoxaemia
