Sanitation & Safety Flashcards
Provisions
Store knives safely (slotted containers)
Integrated pest management
USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
Wholesome Meat and Poultry Act: inspects all meat and poultry at the time of slaughter and of processed products during production used in interstate intrastate and foreign commerce
Dept. of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service: concerned with infectious and contagious diseases transmitted through shellfish, milk, vending machines and restaurants
contaminated shellfish transmit hepatitis
Milk Ordinance code - requires pasteurization of milk
FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
Food, Drug, Cosmetic Act: covers all interstate (domestic and imported) food EXCEPT meal, fish, poultry and eggs (although it does with egg substitutes)
FDA formulates mandatory standards
Standard of identity: defines what a product must be to be called by a certain name (mayonnaise)
Standard of quality: specifies minimum quality below which foods must not fall (fruit)
Standard of fill of containers: protects against deception through use of containers that appear to hold more than they do (called goods)
FDA food labels
Imitation: often nutritionally inferior, may cost less, taste the same
Substitute: nutritionally equal or superior in some ways and inferior in others
FDA Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
low calories: no more than 40 cal / serving
low fat: 3 g or less per serving
low sodium: no more than 140 mg / serving
Labels based on 2k diet
Included on label: total fat sat fat trans fat chol sodium total carb diet fiber sugars protein
Staphylococcus aureus (intoxication)
ONSET: 1-7 hours after ingestion
SYMPTOMS: NO FEVER, nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea
SOURCES: humans (nose, hands, intestines, cuts, sores), reheated foods, high protein, meat, poultry, eggs, milk products, stuffing, prepared salads
Clostridium botulinum (intoxication)
ONSET: 4-36 hours
SYMPTOMS: weakness, double vision, fatigue, diarrhea, affects central nervous system (paralysis), inability to swallow, slurred speech, may be fatal
SOURCES: low acid foods, improperly canned foods, vacuum-packed, tightly-wrapped foods, root vegetables (soil)
Clostridium perfringens (intoxication)
ONSET: 8-18 hours
SYMPTOMS: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea
SOURCES: improperly cooked or reheated foods, cooled slowly and reheated foods, “cafeteria bug”, meats, soups, gravies, stews, casseroles
Bacillus cereus (intoxication)
ONSET: 30 min - 6 hours
SYMPTOMS: emetic (nausea, vomiting), diarrheal (watery diarrhea, cramps)
SOURCES: rice products, starchy foods, food mixtures like casseroles, sauces, puddings, soups, pastries, meats, milk, veg, fish
Salmonella (infection)
ONSET: 6-48 hours
SYMPTOMS: fever, nausea, chills, vomiting, headache
SOURCES: intestinal tracts of humans and animals, water, soil, low acid foods, meat and poultry, eggs, raw dairy, seafood, melons
Streptococcus (infection)
ONSET: 2-60 hours
SYMPTOMS: fever, diarrhea
SOURCES: poor hygiene, milk, eggs, potato salad, food help at room temp for hours
Listeria monocytogenes (infection)
ONSET: 2-30 days
SYMPTOMS: flu-like, encephalitis, meningitis
SOURCES: hot dogs, luncheon meats, cold cuts, coleslaw, raw milk and soft cheese
grows between 34-113F
High fatality in immunocompromised
Campylobacter jejuni (infection)
ONSET: 3-5 days
SYMPTOMS: abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea
SOURCES: raw of undercooked meat or poultry, raw milk, raw vegetables
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus (infection)
ONSET: 16 hours
SYMPTOMS: fever, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea
SOURCES: raw or undercooked seafood
