sanctions and crimes Flashcards
murder
when a person intentionally or recklessly kills another person
manslaughter
when death occurs without the same level of intention as murder
voluntary & involuntary manslughter
voluntary- when there are reasonable grounds to reduce the liability due to circumstances such as self defense
involuntary- intended harm but not to kill yet death was still caused, criminal negligence and when death was caused whilst committing an unlawful/ dangerous act
infanticide
when a mother kills her child within a year of birth due to mental disturbance
self defence
on reasonable grounds, the crime had to be committed in order to defend ones self
automatism
when a crime was committed whilst unconscious, this includes sleepwalking
duress
when under extreme pressure, a person commits a crime they would not usually commit
police powers
- fingerprinting
- body search
- arrest
- home search
burglary
when a person unlawfully enters a property to steal or harm
robbery
when someone unlawfully steals from a person
sanctions
-imprisonment:
taken away from society and have their freedom and liberty taken away from them
-capital punishment:
the lawful act of killing an offender, they will never have the cahnce to rehabilitate
-fines:
an amount of money you pay as a punishment
aims of sanctions
-punish:
have their freedom and liberties taken away from them
-protect:
removes harm from society
-rehabilitate:
changes the attitudes of offender and can take place as a regular member of society
-deter:
offender or other member of society will not re offend or commit similar or same crime
-denunciate:
actions are frowned upon by society and don’t reflect societies values thus stopping offender from committing act as it send a message of dissaproval from society
crimes against the person
- assault
- indecent assault
- rape
- incest
assault and indecent assault
-assault:
an act that threatens or physically harms another
-indecent assault:
sexually harming Solomon either with your body or object or
rape
the sexual penetration of body part or object without consent
incest
the sexual relation between intimidate family members
criminal liability
- standard and burden of proof
- age of discretion
- elements of a crime
- presumption of innocence
standard and burden of proof
-burden:
lies with the prosecution
-standard:
beyond reasonable doubt
age of discretion
-10 years old:
cannot be charged with crime as they on’t understand the consequences of their actions
-10-14 years old:
can be charged with offence if can be proven that they have a guilty mind and are aware of the consequences
-over 14:
can be charged like an adult
actus reas and mens rea
actus reas:
guilty act
mens rea:
guilty mind
