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SAN Test 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the life stages in cats and what age range do they represent?

A

Kittens (0-6 months), Adolescents (6 months - 2 years), Adults (2-10 years), Seniors (10+ years)

These stages help in understanding the developmental needs of felines.

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2
Q

What association came up with the feline life span chart?

A

American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP)

AAFP provides guidelines for feline health and wellness.

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3
Q

For dog life spans, what has AAHA defined as a senior and geriatric dog?

A

Senior: 7 years and older; Geriatric: 11 years and older

AAHA uses a general age range rather than a strict number chart due to varying sizes and breeds.

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4
Q

Explain the 7 basic things that should happen during a first-time visit with a 6-8 week old puppy or kitten.

A
  1. Health assessment
  2. Vaccination schedule
  3. Parasite control
  4. Nutrition advice
  5. Socialization tips
  6. Training recommendations
  7. Spay/neuter discussion

These topics help set a foundation for responsible pet ownership.

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5
Q

What topics should a technician discuss with a new pet owner during the first appointment?

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Vaccination
  3. Parasite prevention
  4. Training
  5. Socialization
  6. Spaying/neutering
  7. Grooming needs

These discussions ensure owners are well-informed about their new pet’s care.

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6
Q

When should we start discussing spaying and neutering with pet owners?

A

During the first visit or when the pet is 6-8 weeks old

Early discussions help prepare owners for responsible pet management.

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7
Q

What are 4 things that will be eliminated if you have your pet spayed?

A
  1. Unwanted pregnancies
  2. Heat cycles
  3. Risk of certain cancers
  4. Behavioral issues related to mating

Spaying reduces health risks and behavioral problems.

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8
Q

What is 1 thing that neutering will eliminate? What are 5 things that may be eliminated by having your pet neutered?

A

Eliminate: Testicular cancer

May eliminate:
* Aggression
* Marking territory
* Roaming
* Certain infections
* Unwanted litters

Neutering has significant health and behavioral benefits.

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9
Q

What are some breeds that may require more preventive care education due to breed-related issues?

A
  1. Bulldogs
  2. Dachshunds
  3. Retrievers
  4. Boxers
  5. Siamese cats

These breeds often have specific health predispositions that owners should be aware of.

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10
Q

List the ‘big 11’ common toxicities and their clinical signs.

A
  1. Chocolate - vomiting, diarrhea
  2. Grapes - kidney failure
  3. Xylitol - hypoglycemia
  4. Onions - hemolytic anemia
  5. Garlic - gastrointestinal upset
  6. Antifreeze - neurological signs
  7. Ibuprofen - gastrointestinal ulcers
  8. Acetaminophen - liver failure
  9. Rodenticides - bleeding
  10. Sago palm - liver failure
  11. Lilies (cats) - renal failure

Awareness of these toxicities can save lives and prevent emergencies.

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11
Q

How might preventive care change as an animal gets older?

A
  1. Adult visits: More routine care
  2. Senior visits: Increased screening for age-related issues
  3. Geriatric visits: Focus on management of chronic conditions

Regular health checks adapt to the needs of aging pets.

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12
Q

What are some common routine grooming procedures performed during regular visits?

A
  1. Bathing
  2. Nail trimming
  3. Ear cleaning
  4. Teeth brushing
  5. Coat brushing

Regular grooming is essential for overall health and hygiene.

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13
Q

What are some common routine screening tests performed during a regular health exam?

A
  1. Blood tests
  2. Urinalysis
  3. Fecal exams
  4. Heartworm testing
  5. Vaccination status check

These tests help monitor the health status of pets.

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of immunity?

A
  1. Active immunity
  2. Passive immunity

Understanding these types is crucial for vaccine efficacy.

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15
Q

What are the 3 ways that passive immunity can occur?

A
  1. Maternal antibodies
  2. Colostrum intake
  3. Injection of antibodies

Passive immunity provides temporary protection.

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16
Q

What is active immunity and what are the 3 ways it may be stimulated?

A

Active immunity is the body’s own immune response. It may be stimulated by:
1. Natural infection
2. Vaccination
3. Exposure to pathogens

Active immunity provides long-term protection.

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17
Q

Why do vaccines not commonly cause the disease that they protect against?

A

Vaccines contain attenuated or inactivated pathogens

This design ensures immune response without causing disease.

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18
Q

What are the 2 main types of vaccines?

A
  1. Live attenuated vaccines
  2. Inactivated (killed) vaccines

Each type has distinct characteristics and uses.

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19
Q

Which type of vaccine is most likely to cause a vaccine reaction and why?

A

Live attenuated vaccines; they can replicate and provoke a stronger immune response

Understanding reactions helps in monitoring post-vaccination.

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20
Q

How should we store vaccines?

A

In a refrigerator at 35-45°F (2-7°C)

Proper storage is critical for vaccine efficacy.

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21
Q

When reconstituting vaccines, can we use any sterile diluents or should we only use the one provided by the company with the vaccine?

A

Only use the diluent provided by the vaccine company

Using the correct diluent ensures vaccine effectiveness.

22
Q

What are the routes that vaccines can be administered? What are the most common ways?

A

Routes:
* Subcutaneous
* Intramuscular
* Intranasal
* Oral

Most common: Subcutaneous and intramuscular

These routes affect the immune response and convenience.

23
Q

Which vaccines are canine or feline? Which ones are core or non-core vaccines?

A

Canine Core: DA2PP, Rabies
Canine Non-core: Lyme, Lepto
Feline Core: FVRCP, Rabies
Feline Non-core: FeLV

Core vaccines are essential for all pets; non-core are based on risk.

24
Q

Why do puppies/kittens need 3 sets of vaccines and dogs/cats over 16 weeks only need 2?

A

Puppies/kittens need 3 due to maternal antibody interference; older pets have likely developed some immunity

This ensures adequate protection during early development.

25
Guidelines for vaccinations of dogs and cats are published and recommended by whom?
American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) ## Footnote These organizations provide standards for veterinary practice.
26
Why is it important to have a standard protocol for where vaccines are given?
To ensure consistency and minimize adverse reactions ## Footnote Proper documentation in medical records is also crucial.
27
Why is it no longer seen as best practice to give vaccines in the ‘scruff’ region?
Risk of adverse reactions and difficulty in administering ## Footnote Recommended sites are more effective and safer.
28
What is the difference between core and non-core vaccines?
Core vaccines are essential for all pets; non-core vaccines are based on specific risk factors ## Footnote This distinction helps tailor vaccination protocols.
29
List the core and non-core vaccines for dogs and cats.
Dogs: * Core: DA2PP, Rabies * Non-core: Lyme, Lepto Cats: * Core: FVRCP, Rabies * Non-core: FeLV ## Footnote This classification aids in understanding vaccination needs.
30
What are feline Rhinotracheitis and Calicivirus? What body systems do they affect?
Feline Rhinotracheitis: A respiratory disease; affects the upper respiratory system Calicivirus: A viral infection; affects the respiratory and oral systems ## Footnote These conditions are common in cats and require vaccination.
31
What is Panleukopenia and how is it comparable to parvo?
Panleukopenia is often referred to as feline distemper; it is comparable to parvo due to similar clinical signs and effects on the gastrointestinal system ## Footnote Both diseases can be severe and require vaccination.
32
Briefly explain the difference between Canine Adenovirus 1 and Adenovirus 2.
Adenovirus 1 causes hepatitis; Adenovirus 2 is a respiratory pathogen. The vaccine for type 2 provides cross-protection against type 1 ## Footnote Understanding this difference is important for vaccination practices.
33
Why should felines that are vaccinated for FIV be microchipped?
To ensure proper identification and management of FIV-positive cats ## Footnote Microchipping is crucial for tracking health status.
34
What is Parvo? What does it do to the body?
Parvo is a viral infection that attacks the intestinal lining, leading to severe gastrointestinal distress ## Footnote It is highly contagious and can be fatal.
35
How is Parvo spread?
Through direct contact with infected feces or contaminated environments ## Footnote Understanding transmission helps in prevention strategies.
36
What are the symptoms of Parvo?
1. Vomiting 2. Diarrhea (often bloody) 3. Lethargy 4. Fever 5. Loss of appetite ## Footnote Recognizing symptoms early is critical for treatment.
37
Why do parvo dogs tend to deteriorate so fast?
Due to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance ## Footnote Rapid deterioration necessitates immediate veterinary care.
38
What life stage is most often affected by Parvo?
Puppies aged 6 weeks to 6 months ## Footnote Young dogs are particularly vulnerable due to their immature immune systems.
39
How long can Parvo survive outside of the body?
Up to 6 months in the environment ## Footnote This long survival rate complicates control measures.
40
Is Parvo hard to kill?
No, it is resistant to many disinfectants but can be killed with proper cleaning agents like bleach ## Footnote Effective cleaning is vital in preventing outbreaks.
41
Why is it critical to have proper isolation techniques when dealing with Parvo in a clinic?
To prevent the spread of the virus to other animals ## Footnote Isolation techniques are essential for outbreak control.
42
What are some mild to moderate reactions to vaccines that owners might see?
1. Lethargy 2. Mild fever 3. Swelling at the injection site 4. Decreased appetite ## Footnote Most reactions are temporary and resolve quickly.
43
What might a severe vaccine reaction look like?
Anaphylaxis, severe swelling, difficulty breathing, vomiting, or collapse ## Footnote Severe reactions require immediate veterinary attention.
44
How should you counsel an owner on how to react to a severe vaccine reaction?
Seek immediate veterinary care and provide details about the vaccine received ## Footnote Timing is critical for effective treatment.
45
What could happen if the pet does not receive treatment fast enough for a severe vaccine reaction?
Potential death or severe health complications ## Footnote Quick action is crucial to ensure the pet's safety.
46
What kinds of notes should we take if we see a mass that might be a reaction to a vaccine?
1. Size of the mass 2. Location 3. Duration since vaccine 4. Any changes in the mass 5. Owner's observations ## Footnote Detailed notes assist in monitoring and further evaluation.
47
Explain the 1-2-3 rule.
If a mass persists for more than 1 month, is larger than 2 cm, or is increasing in size after 3 months, it should be evaluated ## Footnote This rule helps in identifying potential vaccine reactions.
48
What species are more likely to get a Sarcoma from a vaccine? Associated with what vaccines?
Cats are more likely; associated with rabies and FeLV vaccines ## Footnote Understanding risks aids in vaccination strategies.
49
What are 5 things we can do to prevent a vaccine reaction from happening?
1. Pre-screen for health issues 2. Use appropriate injection sites 3. Administer vaccines at appropriate ages 4. Monitor post-vaccination 5. Keep an emergency kit on hand ## Footnote Preventive measures enhance vaccine safety.
50
Why is it important to review and learn the vaccine protocol of the clinic you are working at?
To ensure consistency and adherence to best practices ## Footnote Familiarity with protocols improves patient outcomes.
51
Why is it important to talk to owners regarding veterinary antiparasitic products vs. OTC products?
Veterinary products are more effective and safer; OTC products may not address specific needs ## Footnote Educating owners helps in making informed decisions about pet health.

Small Animal Nursing (2 decks)

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