Sampling Techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the abiotic factors

A

Moisture
Light intensity
pH
Temperature

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2
Q

Name the biotic factors

A
Grazing 
Predation 
Disease 
Competition for resources 
Food availability
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3
Q

How do you measure moisture?
What are the possible sources of error?
Precaution to reduce errors?

A

Moisture meter

Moisture from a previous reading may be left on the probe and effect the next reading.

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4
Q

How do you measure light intensity?
What are the possible sources of error?
Precaution to reduce errors?

A

Light meter
The observer may cast a shadow on the light meter.
Stand well back form meter.

Light intensity may change depending on cloud cover.
Take all readings as near to the same time as possible.

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5
Q

How do you measure pH?
What are the possible sources of error?
Precaution to reduce errors?

A

pH meter

Soil from a previous reading may be left on the probe and give a false result.

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6
Q

How do you measure temperature?
What are the possible sources of error?
Precaution to reduce errors?

A

Thermometer
Probe may remain at the previous temperature.
Allow probe to return to air temperature between readings.

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7
Q

What does tree beating measure and how do you use it?

A

The number of organisms in a tree.

Beat a tree with a stick and catch the organisms that fall out in a tray.

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8
Q

What does a pitfall trap measure and how do you use it?

A

The number of small invertebrate animals living on the soil surface. Dig a hole in the ground and place a cup in it making sure you don’t have space down the sides for organisms to fall down.

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9
Q

What does a tullgren funnel measure and how do you use it?

A

The number of organisms in a soil sample.
Place soil sample on a sieve that lets the organisms through so they fall into a tub and a bright light above to attract them out.

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10
Q

What does a water net measure and how do you use it?

A

Number of organisms living in a fresh water pond.

Place water net in fresh water pond and capture organisms that swim into it.

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11
Q

What does a quadrat measure and how do you use it?

A

Number of low growing plants in a field and very sow moving animals.
Throw the quadrat into an area of field and count the number of squares that contain the certain plant you are measuring.

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12
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a quadrat?

A

Throw randomly and several time to increase reliability.

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13
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a pitfall trap?

A

Disguise opening

Place pitfall trap deep in ground level with the surface.

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14
Q

How do you minimise errors when using tree beating?

A

Use a large tray with raised edges

Collect remaining organisms by hand.

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15
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a tullgren funnel?

A

Use a mesh with larger sized holes.

Make a thin layer of soil.

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16
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a water net?

A

Chose a net with finer holes.

17
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a moisture meter?

A

Clean probe between readings.

Same depth into soil.

18
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a thermometer?

A

Clean probe between readings.

Same depth into soil.

19
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a pH meter?

A

Clean probe between readings.

Same depth into soil.

20
Q

How do you minimise errors when using a light meter?

A

Don’t cast a shadow.
Take reading at the same time of day.
Take readings at the same height.