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PR1 LONG QUIZ > Sampling Technique to Data Gathering Instruments > Flashcards

Sampling Technique to Data Gathering Instruments Flashcards

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1
Q

What is probability sampling?

A

Each of the population has an equal chance of being selected as the participant of a study.
The researcher has no power to choose participants.

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2
Q

What is Simple Random Sampling (SRS)

A
  • In simple random sampling (SRS), each sampling unit of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
  • Includes fishbowl method and lottery method
  • Quantitative (P)
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3
Q

Systematic Sampling

A
  • Systematic sampling means that there is a gap, or interval, between each selected unit in the sample.
  • Organized pattern in choosing participants
    Ex. Every third person na papasok, siya ang participant. Gagamitin lahat kahit sumobra.
  • Quantitative (P)
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3
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

A probability sampling technique in which the total population is divided into homogenous groups (strata) to complete the sampling process
- Criteria to be made; stratum
- By group classification, babalik sa SRS para di lahat ay participant
- Quantitative (P)

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4
Q

Quota Sampling

A
  • Sampling is done until a specific number of units (quotas) for various subpopulations have been selected. Quota sampling is a means for satisfying sample size objectives for the subpopulations.
  • Has a criteria, and similar to stratified sampling
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4
Q

Non-probability sampling refers to the…

A
  • Used in qualitative research design wherein NOT every member of the population has equal chance to be a participant
  • The researcher has the POWER to choose the participants.
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5
Q

Convenience Sampling

A

In this approach researchers pull together a sample from individuals who are available and willing to participate.
- Qualitative (NP)
- Accidental, by chance
- Availability of participants
- The researcher gathers data from whatever cases happen to be convenient.

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6
Q

Snowball Sampling

A

The researcher relies on participant referrals to recruit new participants.

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6
Q

Purposive Sampling

A

This is the most common sampling procedure,
wherein participants are selected according to pre-selected criteria based on
the particular research question.
- Based on purpose, objectives of the study

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7
Q

Data Collection Method
- Remember DOSE

A

Derived or Compiled Data
- using existing data points often from different data sources, to create new data through some sort of transformation, such as an arithmetic formula aggregation.

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8
Q

Data Collection Method
- Remember DOSE

A

Observational Data
- data captured through observation of a behavior or activity.
- human observation, open-ended survey

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9
Q

Data Collection Method
- Remember DOSE

A

Simulation Data
- data generated by imitating the operation of a real world processes or system over time. This method is used to try to determine what WOULD, COULD HAPPEN under certain conditions.

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10
Q

Data Collection Method
- Remember DOSE

A

Experimental Data
- data collected through ACTIVE INTERVENTION by the researcher to produce or measure change or to create difference when a variable is altered.

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11
Q

STEPS IN CREATING DATA COLLECTION PLAN

A
  1. Identify the questions that you want to answer.
  2. Determine the kind of data that is available.
  3. Determine how much data is needed.
  4. Determine how to measure the data.
  5. Decide who is going to collect the data.
  6. Determine where the data will be collected from.
  7. Decide whether to measure a sample or the whole population.
  8. Determine in what format the data will be displayed.
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12
Q

IMPORTANCE OF DATA COLLECTION

A
  • INFORMED DECISION MAKING
    Data collection provides valuable insights and enables us to make more informed and accurate decisions.
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13
Q

IMPORTANCE OF DATA COLLECTION

A
  • TREND ANALYSIS
    By collecting data over time, we can identify patterns and trends. allowing us to predict future outcomes
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14
Q

IMPORTANCE OF DATA COLLECTION

A
  • IMPROVED EFFICIENCY
    Data-driven insights can streamline processes, eliminate waste, and optimize resource allocation
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14
Q

Quantitative Data

A

Measured numerically, providing objective insights into quantities and amounts.
- sales figures
- customer demographics
- website traffic

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14
Q

IMPORTANCE OF DATA COLLECTION

A
  • PROBLEM SOLVING
    Data helps us understand the root cause of issues and find effective solutions based on real-world evidence
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15
Q

Qualitative Data

A

Explores opinions, experiences, and perspectives, offering SUBJECTIVE understanding.
- customer feedback
- focus group discussions
- social media sentiment analysis

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16
Q

DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Surveys

A

Are structured questionnaires distributed to a large sample, gathering data on opinions, preferences, and behaviors.
- open ended survey (qualitative)
- close ended survey (quantitative)

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17
Q

DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Interviews

A

One-on-one conversations with individuals to gather in-depth information and understand their experiences.

18
Q

DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Observations

A

Recording behaviors and events in their natural environment, capturing real-time insights.

19
Q

DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Focus group

A

Discussions with a small group of participants to gather insights and perspectives on a specific topic.

20
Q

DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Experiment

A

Controlled tests to measure the effects of specific variables on a particular outcome.

21
Q

Best Practices for Effective Data Collection
- Clear Objectives

A

CLEAR OBJECTIVES
Define the specific information you aim to collect to ensure data relevance and analysis.

21
Q

Best Practices for Effective Data Collection
- Data Quality

A

Use reliable data collection tools and validate data for accuracy and consistency.

22
Q

Best Practices for Effective Data Collection
- Target Audience

A

TARGET AUDIENCE
Identify your target audience and select appropriate data collection methods to reach them effectively.

22
Q

Common Data Gathering Methods/Instruments
- Quantitative

A
  • Surveys and Questionnaires: close ended questions, pre-determined answer to questions. Could be a checklist or Likert scale.
  • Experiments (intervention)
23
Q

Best Practices for Effective Data Collection
- Ethical Considerations

A

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Ensure ethical practices in data collection, including informed consent and data privacy.

23
Q

Common Data Gathering Methods/Instruments
- Qualitative

A
  • Interviews
  • Focus Groups
  • Observations
  • Qualitative questionnaires (open-ended)
24
Q

Survey and Questionnaires
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS

A

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
- Surveys and questionnaires use close-ended questions with pre-determined answer choices.

25
Q

Survey and Questionnaires
LARGE SAMPLE SIZE

A

LARGE SAMPLE SIZE
- Surveys and questionnaires are well-suited for collecting data from a large number of respondents.

26
Q

Survey and Questionnaires
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

A

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
- The data collected through surveys and questionnaires can be analyzed using statistical methods.

27
Q

Interviews
STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

A

STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
- Has a criteria and follows a pre-defined set of questions and are often used for gathering qualitative data.

28
Q

Interviews
SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

A

SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
- Provide a framework for the conversation but allow for more flexibility and open-ended questions.
- Maraming follow up questions

29
Q

Interviews
UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS

A

UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
- The conversation is guided by the interviewer’s general topic of interest and allows greater flexibility.

30
Q

Observation
NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

A

NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
- The researcher OBSERVES the setting, hindi titira, bibisita lang

30
Q

Observation
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

A

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
- Researcher ACTIVELY participates in the setting while observing and gathering data.
- Titira

30
Q

Observation
STRUCTURED OBSERVATION

A

STRUCTURED OBSERVATION
- Pre-defined categories, checklist, to guide the observation process.

30
Q

Focus Groups

A

Focus groups are a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their attitude and/or feelings towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, or idea. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members.

30
Q

Observation
UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION

A

UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION
- No categories or checklist, recordings lang sa phone ang observations
- One example is documentary

31
Q

Focus Groups Importance
GENERATING IDEAS

A

Focus groups can be used to form to generate new ideas and gather feedback on existing products or services.

31
Q

Focus Groups Importance
GROUP DYNAMICS

A

Focus groups allow researchers to observe group dynamics and how individuals interact with each other.
Dynamics - pagbabago ng opinyon, sentiments sa isang concept

32
Q

SOP

A
  1. What are the difficulties encountered by the participants on the insufficient computer resources in Sta. Lucia High School?
  2. What are the perceptions of the participants on the lack of computer resources?
  3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of computer resources to the learning of the participants?
  4. What are the experiences of the participants in operating ICT resources?
  5. What are the contributing factors to the lack of computer resources at Sta. Lucia High School?
33
Q

Focus Groups Importance
OPEN DIALOGUE

A

The moderated group discussions format encourages OPEN AND CANDID conversations among participants.

33
Q

Focus Groups Importance
QUALITATIVE DATA

A

Focus groups primarily generate qualitative data, providing rich insights into perspectives and opinions. All information gathered are in forms of words.

34
Q

SOP #1

A
  1. What are the difficulties encountered by the participants on the insufficient computer resources in Sta. Lucia High School?
34
Q

RESEACH TITLE

A

Perceptions of Grade 12 ICT Students on Insufficient Computer Resources at Sta. Lucia High School

35
Q

SOP #2

A
  1. What are the perceptions of the participants on the lack of computer resources?
36
Q

SOP #3

A
  1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of computer resources to the learning of the participants?
37
Q

SOP #4

A
  1. What are the experiences of the participants in operating ICT resources?
38
Q

SOP #5

A
  1. What are the contributing factors to the lack of computer resources at Sta. Lucia High School?

PR1 LONG QUIZ (1 decks)

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