Sampling Sept 9

Question 1

What is Sampling and why do we do it?

Answer 1

• Sampling is the act of selecting a subset of of data points from a bigger set of data.
• Sampling is often necessary b/c collecting data from the whole population is simply impractical.

Question 2

What is the goal of sampling?

Answer 2

to be representative.

Question 3

What makes a sample representative

Answer 3

• if it accurately reflects the characteristics of the populations it was drawn from.
• ## the more similar the sample the sample is the population, the more representative it is.

Question 4

What is the best option for sampling?

Answer 4

random sampling, however it is hard to get a completely random sample.

Question 5

What is random sampling? Pros and cons?

Answer 5

ever member in the chosen sampling universe has an equal chance of being included.
- pros - provides the best chance of ensuring a representative sample and removing bias.
- cons
- true random sampling reuires a good sampling frame (=list of all memeber of the population)
- costly to implement.

Question 6

What is stratified random sampling?

Answer 6

Population is divided into strata, and a random sample is taken from within each category or stratum.

• randomly selected from groups

Question 7

What are common strata in linguistics?

Answer 7

age, sex, region, ethnicity.

Question 8

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 8

Participants picked according to pre-determined rule; eg. every 3rd person.

Question 9

What is cluster sampling?

Answer 9

The population is divided into multiple clusters which are similar in characteristics

then some clusters are randomly sampled from the randomly sampled from the whoe list of clusters.

data collected from each member in the cluster.

Question 10

What is convenience sampling and what are its pros and cons?

Answer 10

Researcher invites subjects based on accessibility and proximity.
- Pros: quick and easy
- cons:
can introduce unknown bias
limited power of generalizability

Question 11

What is purposive sampling?

Answer 11

• This is the sample that the researcher thinks is going to give the most useful data for the purpose of the research.
• Convenience sampling collects data from anyone who is willing to give data; purposive sampling collects data only if the participant meets pre-defined characteristics.

Question 12

What is snow-ball sampling?

Answer 12

• Researcher recruits new participants based on the recommendations of other participants in the same study.
• sometimes called chain referral sampling.
  cons: potential for sampling bias is higher; you may end up collecting data from only small group.

Question 13

What are the probability methods of sampling?

Answer 13

• simple random sampling
• stratified sampling
• cluster sampling
• systematic sampling

Question 14

What are the non-probability methods of sampling?

Answer 14

Convenience sampling, snowball sampling, voluntary sampling, purposive sampling.

Question 15

Which sampling strategy do most linguists studies use?

Answer 15

convenience sampling.