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Maths A-level > Sampling & Data Collection > Flashcards

Sampling & Data Collection Flashcards

1
Q

what is qualitative data

A

data given in words to describe something

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2
Q

what is quantitative data

A

data given in numbers which count or measure something

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3
Q

what is discrete data

A

quantitative data that needs to be counted

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4
Q

what is continuous data

A

quantitative data that needs to be measured

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5
Q

what is population

A

the group of people or things you wish to find out about

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6
Q

what is finite population

A

a population where you can count how many members there are

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7
Q

what is infinite population

A

a population where it is impossible to determine how many members there are

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8
Q

what is a survey

A

a method by which you find out about the population

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9
Q

what is a census

A

a survey involving all of the population

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10
Q

what is sample

A

a small section of the population that have been chosen for a survey

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11
Q

what is a sampling unit

A

an individual member of the population

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12
Q

what is a sampling frame

A

a full list if the sampling units in the population

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13
Q

give 1 advantage of a census

A

it gives fully accurate results

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14
Q

give 2 disadvantages of a census

A

it is time-consuming and expensive

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15
Q

give 3 advantages of sampling

A

It is quicker, cheaper and less data is needed to be analysed

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16
Q

give 2 disadvantages of sampling

A

it might not represent the population accurately, and it could be biased

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17
Q

how is simple random sampling carried out

A

every member of the population is uniquely numbered. Different numbers are randomly selected using a random number generator

17
Q

what is simple random sampling

A

every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

18
Q

what is systematic sampling

A

a repetitive system used to select a sample from the population

19
Q

how is systematic sampling carried out

A
  1. carry out size of the interval:
    size of population / size of
    sample
  2. choose a starting point between 1 and then select every kth member after the first one
20
Q

what is stratified sampling

A

the population is split into groups and a proportional representation of the different groups is selected

21
Q

how is stratified sampling carried out

A

the number of members sampled from a stratum =
(size of sample / size of population) * number of members in the stratum

22
Q

what is quota sampling

A

the population is split into groups and a certain number from each group is chosen in any order

23
Q

can quota sampling be non-random

A

yes

24
Q

what is opportunity sampling

A

a convenient sample is taken from any member of the population at any time

25
Q

when should simple random sampling be used

A

when you want a random sample to avoid bias

26
Q

when is simple random sampling useful

A

when you have a small population ir want a small sample

27
Q

when should systematic sampling be used

A

when you want a random sample from a large population

28
Q

when is systematic sampling useful

A

when there is a natural order

29
Q

when should stratified sampling be used

A

when the population can be split into obvious groups of members

30
Q

when is stratified sampling useful

A

when there are very different groups of members in a population

31
Q

when should quota sampling be used

A

when a small sample is needed to be representative of the population structure

32
Q

when is quota sampling useful

A

when a sampling frame is not available

33
Q

when should opportunity sampling be used

A

when a sample is needed quickly

34
Q

when is opportunity sampling useful

A

when a list of the population is not possible

35
Q

what is 1 disadvantage of simple random sampling

A

cannot be used if it is not possible to number all the members of the population

36
Q

what is 1 disadvantage of systematic sampling

A

cannot be used if it is not possible to number all the members of the population

37
Q

what is 1 disadvantage of stratified sampling

A

cannot be used if the population cannot be split into seperate groups

38
Q

what is 1 disadvantage of quota sampling

A

can introduce bias as some members of the population might choose not to be included in the sample

39
Q

what is 1 disadvantage of opportunity sampling

A

unlikely to be representative if the population structure

Maths A-level (3 decks)

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