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Statistics-SS2 > Sampling > Flashcards

Sampling Flashcards

1
Q

What is a simple random sample?

A

a random sample taken without replacement

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2
Q

What is an unrestricted random sample?

A

A random sample taken with replacement

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3
Q

Why take a random sample?

A

To avoid bias

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4
Q

How do you take a random sample?

A

Use random numbers

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5
Q

Method for a random sample

A

Allocate a random number from 01 to the number to each person
Move along random number table in pairs of digits
Ignore 00 and numbers > and repeats
Continue until * pairs of digits have been chosen
Select corresponding people

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6
Q

What is a stratified sample?

A

Requires prior knowledge to be used to divide the population into strata. Random samples are taken from each of these strata

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7
Q

Is each member of a Stratified sample likely to be chosen?

A

Yes if the random samples are taken in proportion to the size of each strata

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8
Q

Method for a stratified sample

A

Male/ total

Allocate a random number from 01 to category total
Move along random number table in pairs of digits
Ignore 00 and numbers > and repeats
Continue until pairs of digits have been chosen
Select corresponding *
Repeat for *

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9
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Members of the population are chosen at regular intervals

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10
Q

Method for a systematic sample

A

Population/ size. Every * person is selected
Choose a random number between 1 and…
Every * person after that
Equally likely to be chosen
Not a random sample as every possible sample cannot be chosen

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11
Q

What is quota sampling?

A

Stratified sample where the samples for each strata are chosen for convenience

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12
Q

Method for quota

A

Size/ total

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13
Q

What is a cluster sample?

A

Subgroups of diverse members

For geographical convenience

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14
Q

Is each member likely to be chosen in a cluster sample?

A

Each cluster has an equal chance but those in smaller clusters have a greater chance of being chosen
All members would be equally likely if all the branches had an equal amount of members

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15
Q

What is a random sample?

A

A sample selected in such a way that all possible samples of size n have an equal chance of being chosen

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16
Q

Advantages of a random sample

A

Simple and easy to use where small populations are involved

Sample is representative as it is randomly chosen

17
Q

Negatives of a random sample

A

More time consuming and costly to carry out

Doesn’t ensure all strata are fairly represented

18
Q

Advantages of a stratified random sample

A

Ensure all strata are fairly represented

Sample is representative as it is randomly chosen

19
Q

Negatives of stratified random sample

A

You need prior knowledge

More difficult to administer

20
Q

Advantages of systematic sample

A

Easier, quicker and cheaper to carry out

Can give useful results so long as the pattern of sampling doesn’t follow a pattern in the population

21
Q

Negatives of systematic sample

A

Method may interact with a hidden pattern in the population leading to bias

22
Q

Quota sample advantages

A

Easier, quicker and cheaper to carry out

Can give useful results when the stratification is skilfully carried out

23
Q

Negatives of a quota sample

A

Interviewers will choose people easily accessible to themselves which may introduce bias

24
Q

Cluster advantages

A

Easier to administer

Less costly in terms of traveling, time and money

25
Q

Negatives of cluster sample

A

Subjects within the cluster may have similar views

26
Q

Is stratified random a random sample

A

No, not all possible samples can be chosen

27
Q

Is quota sample random?

A

No

28
Q

Is systematic random?

A

No as not all subsets are possible, .eg 2 consecutive numbers can’t be in the sample sample

29
Q

Do all systematic numbers have an equal chance of being chosen?

A

Yes, 1/? Chance if the allocation of random numbers has been done correctly

30
Q

Are all subjects equally likely in a quota sample?

A

No as it depends on the convenient method used to choose subjects

31
Q

Is quota random?

A

No

Statistics-SS2 (5 decks)

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