Sample Prep 1 Flashcards
Why is sample preparation important?
Need to be able to analyse drugs in biological samples and pharmaceutical products
Drug levels in body fluids such as serum and urine allows….
Optimisation of pharmacotherapy
Drug levels in serum and urine provides the basis for studies on….
- Compliance
- Pharmacokinetics and genetics
- Bioavailability
- Organ function
- Influence of co-medication
Pharmaceutical products are very complex and usually contain…
Salts, acids, bases, proteins and many organic compounds with similar chemistry to the analyte of interest
The analyses usually exist at what concentration in the samples?
Low conc
What is involved in a sample prep method?
Extraction and isolation of the analytes of interest from these complex matrices
Why is sample prep necessary?
Most analytical instruments can’t handle the matrix density
What is a typical sample prep procedure?
- Sampling - collection and storage
- Sample preparation - extraction, concentration and removal of interferences
- Instrumental analysis - isolation, identification and quantification
GC - volatile and thermally stable compounds
LC - non volatile and thermally labile
- Report - statistical evaluation and final decision
What does sample prep do?
Isolates the desired components from some matrices
What is sample cleaning?
Also known as pre-concentration - the analytes are concentrated to a suitable level that can be measured by the method chosen for analysis
How should the sample be for analysis?
- In solution
- Free from interferences
- At a conc suitable for detection or measurement
How is a sample prepared?
- Dissolution
- Homogenisation
- Extraction
- Filtration
- Concentration/evaporation
- Separation
- Chemical derivitisation
What makes a better protocol?
Fewer steps and methods make it more simple, convenient, cost effective and less time consuming
Simpler protocols are…
- More readily automated
- Increased accuracy ,reliability, reproducibility, and safety
